Examine the potential of wind energy in India and explain the reasons for their limited spatial spread.
India has huge potential for wind energy and is among the top countries in the world in installed capacity. With its long coastline and diverse landscapes, the country is well-suited to harness wind power, which is key to its renewable energy goals. Estimates suggest a potential of over 695 GW at a 120-meter hub height, offering a clean and sustainable energy source.
However, wind energy development is limited to certain regions. Geography plays a big role, as high, steady winds are mainly found in coastal states like Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Andhra Pradesh, and inland states such as Karnataka, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra. Many potential-rich areas also lack strong grid infrastructure to carry the power. Land acquisition can be slow and face local resistance, while policy and financial challenges—like changing tariffs and the poor financial health of DISCOMs—often discourage investment in new areas.
Overcoming these hurdles is crucial to fully tap India’s wind energy potential.
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