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Examine the main aspects of Akbar's religious syncretism.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Akbar’s religious policy was a conscious effort towards religious syncretism, aiming to create harmony among the diverse religious communities of his empire. A cornerstone of this policy was the concept of "Sulh-i-Kul" or universal peace. This philosophy promoted tolerance and peaceful coexistence among different faiths.

He established the Ibadat Khana (House of Worship) at Fatehpur Sikri, where theologians from various religions like Hinduism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and Christianity would engage in discussions. This exposure to different faiths deepened his understanding and appreciation for diverse religious perspectives.

A significant step was the abolition of the jizya tax on non-Muslims and the pilgrimage tax, which were discriminatory in nature. In 1582, Akbar promulgated "Din-i-Ilahi" or "the divine faith," which was more of an ethical code than a new religion. It incorporated elements from various religions, emphasizing virtues like piety, prudence, and kindness. While it didn't gain widespread acceptance, it symbolized his vision of a unified and tolerant empire.

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Important Questions from GS1

  1. Underline the changes in the field of society and economy from the Rig Vedic to the later Vedic period. 

  2. Estimate the contribution of Pallavas of Kanchi for the development of art and literature of South India. 

  3. How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of the balance of power?

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