Discuss the sailent features of the Harappan architecture.
The architecture of the Harappan Civilization, flourishing around 3300-1300 BCE, showcases remarkable urban planning and a highly utilitarian approach. Cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa were built on a grid pattern, with streets intersecting at right angles, dividing the city into blocks. A key feature was the division of cities into a fortified citadel on a raised platform and a lower town.
Standardized baked bricks in a 4:2:1 ratio were a constant in their construction, ensuring uniformity and durability. One of the most impressive aspects was their sophisticated drainage system. Every house had a connection to the main drains running alongside the streets, indicating a strong emphasis on sanitation.
Notable structures include the Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro, a large public bathing area suggesting ritualistic importance, and massive granaries for food storage. Residential buildings were often multi-storied and centered around a courtyard, prioritizing privacy.
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