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Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of pelvic endometriosis.
 

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Pelvic Endometriosis – Clinical Features and Management
Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, most commonly in the pelvis, causing variable and often debilitating symptoms.

Clinical Features:

  • Chronic Pelvic Pain: Typically worse during menstruation.
  • Dysmenorrhea: Severe, progressive pain starting before menses and lasting throughout.
  • Dyspareunia: Painful intercourse, especially deep penetration.
  • Infertility: Due to adhesions, distorted anatomy, or impaired gamete function.
  • Cyclical Gastrointestinal/Urinary Symptoms: Dyschezia, tenesmus, rectal bleeding, dysuria, hematuria during menstruation.
  • Non-menstrual Pelvic Pain or asymptomatic in some women.

Diagnosis:

  • Clinical suspicion and gynecological exam (fixed uterus, tender ligaments, adnexal masses).
  • Imaging: Transvaginal ultrasound for endometriomas; MRI for deep infiltrating disease.
  • Laparoscopy: Gold standard for direct visualization and biopsy.

Treatment:

  • Medical: NSAIDs, hormonal therapy (COCs, progestins, GnRH analogs).
  • Surgical: Laparoscopic excision/ablation; hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for severe cases.
  • Fertility Support: Assisted reproductive techniques for endometriosis-associated infertility.

Answered By:

Sarvesh Jha

Sarvesh Jha is a seasoned government exam mentor with firsthand success in top exams like IBPS PO, SBI PO, CDS, RRB JE, SSC CGL, BPSC, and CTET. Known for his deep conceptual clarity and strategic approach, he has guided over 5000 students through personalized mentorship. He has been creating well researched content for last 5 years.

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