Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet. S1 : Let us posit two questions: one, what ails our parliamentary system? S6 : Given the current political scenario, it appears that India has yet to develop a strong parliamentary culture. P : To search for an answer, we begin with Rudolf's observation that the parliamentary life has deteriorated in India. Q : Two, how democratic is our democracy? R : For a system to survive, grow and prosper, it needs to be supported by a democratic political culture. S : There is an organic connectivity between a parliamentary system and parliamentary democracy. The correct sequence should be:
QPRS
Understanding Jumbled Sentences and Passage Sequencing
This question asks us to arrange four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) into a logical sequence that fits between the first sentence (S1) and the sixth sentence (S6) of a passage. The goal is to create a coherent paragraph that flows smoothly from beginning to end.
Let's first look at the fixed sentences, S1 and S6:
- S1: Let us posit two questions: one, what ails our parliamentary system?
- S6: Given the current political scenario, it appears that India has yet to develop a strong parliamentary culture.
Now, let's examine the four jumbled sentences:
- P : To search for an answer, we begin with Rudolf's observation that the parliamentary life has deteriorated in India.
- Q : Two, how democratic is our democracy?
- R : For a system to survive, grow and prosper, it needs to be supported by a democratic political culture.
- S : There is an organic connectivity between a parliamentary system and parliamentary democracy.
Analyzing the Connections and Flow
S1 introduces the first of two questions. Sentence Q introduces the second question. It is highly probable that Q should follow S1 to complete the statement about posing two questions.
So, the sequence likely starts with S1 \(\to\) Q.
S1: ...one, what ails our parliamentary system?
Q: Two, how democratic is our democracy?
After posing these two key questions related to the parliamentary system and democracy, the next sentence should logically address these questions or the concepts they introduce.
- P talks about searching for "an answer" and mentions the deterioration of "parliamentary life". This directly relates to finding an answer to S1 ("what ails our parliamentary system?"). It also provides context for asking about the health of democracy in Q. P seems to follow Q well, starting the process of answering the questions posed.
- R talks about the need for "democratic political culture" for a "system" to survive. This introduces a concept that could be a remedy or a requirement for a healthy parliamentary system or democracy, relevant to the questions in S1 and Q, and the deterioration in P.
- S states the "organic connectivity" between a "parliamentary system" and "parliamentary democracy". This establishes the relationship between the two concepts being discussed and questioned.
Considering the flow after S1-Q:
S1 \(\to\) Q \(\to\) P: P starts the search for answers by noting deterioration. This fits well after the questions are posed.
S1 \(\to\) Q \(\to\) S: S states the connectivity. While relevant, starting with the relationship might interrupt the flow of posing questions and then seeking answers/reasons for deterioration.
Let's assume S1 \(\to\) Q \(\to\) P is the start. Now we need to place R and S.
Sequence so far: S1 (Question 1), Q (Question 2), P (Searching for answer, observing deterioration).
- R: Needs a democratic political culture for a system to survive. This provides a condition necessary for the system (mentioned in S1 and P) or democracy (mentioned in Q and S) to function well, especially relevant after observing deterioration in P. R could follow P.
- S: Organic connectivity between parliamentary system and parliamentary democracy. This statement establishes the fundamental link between the two concepts that have been discussed. It could serve as a concluding statement before S6 ties it to the current situation.
Let's try S1 \(\to\) Q \(\to\) P \(\to\) R: P talks about deterioration. R talks about the need for culture for survival. This connection is logical - deterioration suggests a lack of something needed, and R provides what is needed (culture).
Now we have S. Where does S fit in S1 \(\to\) Q \(\to\) P \(\to\) R \(\to\) S?
S1: Question 1 (parliamentary system ails?) Q: Question 2 (democracy democratic?) P: Search for answer, observe deterioration (links to S1, sets up Q) R: System needs culture for survival (relevant after P's observation) S: Connectivity between parliamentary system and democracy (states the core relationship between the concepts discussed) S6: India lacks this culture (links to R)
This sequence QPRS makes sense:
- S1 and Q pose the central questions.
- P begins the search for answers by highlighting a key problem (deterioration), directly relevant to the questions.
- R introduces a condition (democratic political culture) essential for the health of the system, providing a potential reason or context for the deterioration discussed in P.
- S states the fundamental relationship between the parliamentary system and democracy, placing the discussion within its conceptual framework.
- S6 concludes by noting the lack of the required culture in India, linking back to R and the overall theme of the health of the system/democracy.
Let's check other options briefly to confirm why they might be incorrect:
- QRPS: S1-Q-R-P-S-S6. S1-Q is good. QR: Q asks about democracy; R says a system needs culture. This is plausible. RP: R talks about culture; P searches for answers and observes deterioration. How does observing deterioration follow needing culture? Seems slightly out of order. PS: P observes deterioration; S states connectivity. Less logical than R following P.
- SPRQ: S1-S-P-R-Q-S6. Starting with S (connectivity) immediately after S1 (first question) feels abrupt, especially since Q introduces the second concept. Also, Q appears very late in the sequence, after discussing answers and culture.
- PQRS: S1-P-Q-R-S-S6. Starting with P (searching for answers) immediately after S1 (first question) is okay, but then Q (second question) comes after starting the search for the first question's answer, which is awkward.
The sequence QPRS provides the most logical and coherent flow from the initial questions to the concluding statement about the state of parliamentary culture in India.
| Position | Sentence | Logic |
|---|---|---|
| S1 | ...one, what ails our parliamentary system? | Starts the inquiry with the first question. |
| Q | Two, how democratic is our democracy? | Posits the second question, completing the setup of the inquiry. Follows S1 naturally. |
| P | To search for an answer, we begin with Rudolf's observation that the parliamentary life has deteriorated in India. | Begins addressing the questions (S1, Q) by citing an observation relevant to "what ails" (S1) and the state of "democracy" (Q). Follows Q well. |
| R | For a system to survive, grow and prosper, it needs to be supported by a democratic political culture. | Introduces a crucial requirement (culture) for a healthy system/democracy, relevant after discussing ailments/deterioration in P. Follows P well. |
| S | There is an organic connectivity between a parliamentary system and parliamentary democracy. | States the fundamental relationship between the key concepts, providing context for the preceding discussion. Can follow R as a broader statement. |
| S6 | Given the current political scenario, it appears that India has yet to develop a strong parliamentary culture. | Concludes by applying the concept from R (parliamentary culture) to the Indian context, linking the whole discussion back to the initial problem (S1) and the condition mentioned in R. |
Based on the analysis, the correct sequence is QPRS.
Revision Table: Sequencing Sentences
| Step | Action | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Read S1 and S6 carefully. | Understand the beginning and end points and the overall topic. |
| 2 | Read sentences P, Q, R, S. | Grasp the individual meaning of each sentence. |
| 3 | Look for connecting words, phrases, or ideas. | Identify links between sentences (e.g., pronouns, conjunctions, repeated concepts). |
| 4 | Identify the sentence that logically follows S1. | Often introduces the main points or expands on S1. |
| 5 | Identify the sentence that logically precedes S6. | Should smoothly transition into the conclusion provided by S6. |
| 6 | Arrange the remaining sentences to form a coherent flow. | Ensure logical progression of ideas, cause-and-effect, or general-to-specific structure. |
| 7 | Read the complete sequence (S1 + arranged sentences + S6) aloud. | Check for smooth transitions and overall readability. |
| 8 | Compare with the given options. | Select the option that matches the determined sequence. |
Additional Information: Parliamentary Democracy and Political Culture
A parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance where the executive branch is drawn from and held accountable to the legislature (parliament). The head of government (e.g., Prime Minister) is typically the leader of the party or coalition with the most seats in the parliament.
Democracy, in general, refers to a system of government where power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives. The question "how democratic is our democracy?" implies an assessment of the actual functioning and health of democratic practices within the system.
Political culture refers to the set of attitudes, beliefs, and sentiments that give order and meaning to a political process and provide the underlying assumptions and rules that govern behavior in the political system. A strong democratic political culture involves respect for rules, tolerance for opposing views, civic participation, and accountability. The passage suggests that the effective functioning and prosperity of a parliamentary system and democracy depend heavily on a supportive political culture.
The observation about the deterioration of parliamentary life and the question about the health of democracy, coupled with the conclusion about the lack of a strong parliamentary culture in India, highlight the interconnected challenges in maintaining a vibrant democratic system.
Important Questions from Para Jumbles
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: At the roadside, the driver will be asked to blow through a small glass tube into a plastic bag.
S6: The driver will be asked to go to the police station.
P: And if the colour change does not reach the line the driver cannot be punished under the new law.
Q: Inside the tube are chemically treated crystals which change colour if the driver has alcohol on his breath.
R: But if the colour change does reach the line then the test has proved positive.
S: If the colour change goes beyond a certain line marked on the tube this indicates that the driver is probably over the specified limit.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: Hope springs eternally in the heart of man.
S6: This is the central idea of the poem.
P: But hope is everlasting.
Q: Love, friendship, and youth perish.
R: It is nursed by the glorious elements of nature.
S: Man derives hope from nature in his gallant struggle after some noble ideal.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: Mr. Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson were spending a weekend in a University town.
S6: It was clear that something very unusual happened.
P: One evening they received a visit from an acquaintance, Mr. Hilton Soames.
Q: On that occasion, he was in a state of great agitation.
R: They were staying in furnished rooms, close to the library.
S: Mr. Soames was a tall, thin man of a nervous and excitable nature.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: The machines that drive modern civilisation derive their power from coal and oil.
S6: Nuclear energy may also be effectively used in this respect.
P: But they are not inexhaustible.
Q: These sources may not be exhausted very soon.
R: A time may come when some other sources have to be tapped and utilised.
S: Power may, of course, be obtained in future from forests, water, wind and withered vegetables.
The proper sequence should be
Direction: In the items in this section, each passage consists of six sentences. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been removed and jumbled up. These are labeled P, Q, R, and S. You are required to find out the proper order for the four sentences and mark accordingly on the Answer Sheet.
S1: The body can never stop.
S6: It comes from food.
P: To support this endless activity, the body needs all the fuel for action.
Q: Sometimes it is more active than at other times, but it is always moving.
R: Even in the deepest sleep we must breathe.
S: The fuel must come from somewhere.
The proper sequence should be
