Directions: In this section, each item consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled as P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly on the Answer Sheet. S1 : The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) was established in 1975. S6 : These predictions have an effect on the Indian economy that belies any belief that the economy of our country is not solely dependent on agriculture and the rains that feed it. P : The Meteorological Department is perhaps also burdened with the most critical form of soothsaying i.e., forecasting the monsoon. Q : The Crop Yield Formation Unit of the department has developed statistical models using correlation and regression techniques. R : The IMD issued the first operational long range forecast of seasonal south-west monsoon rainfall in India in 1986. S : It is the natural meteorological service and the principal agency in all matters related to meteorology. The correct sequence should be:
SRQP
Understanding Jumbled Sentences and Passage Structure
The question asks us to arrange four jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) into a coherent paragraph, placing them between the first sentence (S1) and the sixth sentence (S6).
Let's break down the provided sentences:
- S1: The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) was established in 1975. (Introduces the subject: IMD and its establishment year.)
- S6: These predictions have an effect on the Indian economy that belies any belief that the economy of our country is not solely dependent on agriculture and the rains that feed it. (Talks about the economic impact of predictions made by the department.)
- P: The Meteorological Department is perhaps also burdened with the most critical form of soothsaying i.e., forecasting the monsoon. (Highlights monsoon forecasting as a critical task of the department.)
- Q: The Crop Yield Formation Unit of the department has developed statistical models using correlation and regression techniques. (Describes a specific unit and methods used, likely for forecasting.)
- R: The IMD issued the first operational long range forecast of seasonal south-west monsoon rainfall in India in 1986. (Gives a specific historical example related to monsoon forecasting.)
- S: It is the natural meteorological service and the principal agency in all matters related to meteorology. (Describes the general role of the IMD.)
Sequencing the Sentences (SRQP)
We need to find the logical flow starting from S1 and leading to S6. Let's analyze the sequence SRQP:
- S1: The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) was established in 1975.
- S: It is the natural meteorological service and the principal agency in all matters related to meteorology.
Sentence S logically follows S1. S1 introduces the IMD and its establishment, and S describes the fundamental role and nature of this department. This provides a smooth transition from the department's origin to its basic function.
- R: The IMD issued the first operational long range forecast of seasonal south-west monsoon rainfall in India in 1986.
Sentence R introduces a specific, significant historical event related to the IMD's work – the first long-range forecast of the monsoon. This event is a key example of the kind of meteorological service mentioned in S.
- Q: The Crop Yield Formation Unit of the department has developed statistical models using correlation and regression techniques.
Sentence Q describes the methods and a specific unit involved in the kind of forecasting exemplified by R. After mentioning the first long-range monsoon forecast (R), it makes sense to discuss how such forecasts are developed, detailing the techniques used by a specific unit.
- P: The Meteorological Department is perhaps also burdened with the most critical form of soothsaying i.e., forecasting the monsoon.
Sentence P makes a concluding statement about the critical importance of monsoon forecasting, which is the core task highlighted by the specific event in R and the methods discussed in Q. Placing P after R and Q emphasizes the significance of the work that was just described.
- S6: These predictions have an effect on the Indian economy that belies any belief that the economy of our country is not solely dependent on agriculture and the rains that feed it.
Sentence S6 follows logically from P. P identifies monsoon forecasting as a critical task ("these predictions"), and S6 explains the significant economic impact of "These predictions". This creates a strong link between the critical nature of the forecast and its real-world consequences.
Therefore, the sequence S-R-Q-P creates a logical flow:
S1 (Establishment) → S (General Role) → R (Specific Historical Forecasting Event) → Q (Methods used for Forecasting) → P (Highlighting the Critical Nature of Forecasting) → S6 (Economic Impact of Forecasts).
Final Sequence Justification
The arrangement SRQP forms a coherent passage. It starts with the establishment and general role of the IMD, moves to a specific landmark achievement in forecasting (monsoon forecast in 1986), explains the methods used for such tasks, highlights the critical importance of this type of forecasting, and finally concludes with the economic impact of these forecasts. This flow builds from general information to specific details and then to the overall significance and consequences.
Revision Table: Key Concepts
| Sentence | Content Focus | Connection in SRQP |
|---|---|---|
| S1 | IMD Establishment | Introduces the subject |
| S | IMD General Role | Follows S1, describes what IMD is |
| R | Specific Historical Forecast (Monsoon 1986) | Follows S, provides a concrete example of IMD's work |
| Q | Methods for Forecasting (Models, Techniques) | Follows R, explains how forecasts like the one in R are done |
| P | Critical Nature of Monsoon Forecasting | Follows Q, emphasizes the importance of the task discussed in R and Q |
| S6 | Economic Impact of Predictions | Follows P, details the consequences of the critical task mentioned in P |
Additional Information: Indian Meteorological Department and Monsoon Forecasting
The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) is indeed the primary government agency in India responsible for meteorology, seismology, and related subjects. Established in 1875, it is one of the oldest national meteorological services in the world. Its role is crucial for various sectors, particularly agriculture, which is heavily dependent on the monsoon rainfall. Forecasting the monsoon is a complex but vital task, as the timing and distribution of rainfall significantly affect crop yields and the overall Indian economy. The IMD uses a combination of observational data, numerical weather prediction models, statistical techniques, and satellite imagery to issue forecasts, including the long-range operational forecast for the south-west monsoon, which is eagerly awaited by farmers, policymakers, and the public every year.
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