Directions : Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled as P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences, namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to re-arrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly. in the filaments of (P) / rubidium is used (Q) / which convert light energy into electrical energy (R) / photoelectric cells (S)
QPSR
Understanding Sentence Rearrangement
This question requires us to rearrange the given parts of a sentence, labelled P, Q, R, and S, into a coherent and grammatically correct sentence. The goal is to find the logical flow of ideas presented in the fragments.
Analyzing the Sentence Fragments
Let's look at the individual parts:
- (P) in the filaments of
- (Q) rubidium is used
- (R) which convert light energy into electrical energy
- (S) photoelectric cells
We need to combine these parts to form a meaningful sentence about rubidium and photoelectric cells.
Evaluating the Options for Sentence Construction
Let's examine the provided options and see which one forms a logical sentence structure:
Option 1: Q P S R
Combining the parts in this order:
- (Q) rubidium is used
- (P) in the filaments of
- (S) photoelectric cells
- (R) which convert light energy into electrical energy
This sequence forms the sentence: "rubidium is used in the filaments of photoelectric cells which convert light energy into electrical energy." This sentence is grammatically correct and logically explains where rubidium is used (in the filaments of photoelectric cells) and describes the function of these cells (converting light energy into electrical energy).
Option 2: Q S R P
Combining the parts: (Q) rubidium is used (S) photoelectric cells (R) which convert light energy into electrical energy (P) in the filaments of. This results in: "rubidium is used photoelectric cells which convert light energy into electrical energy in the filaments of." This sentence is awkward and grammatically incorrect.
Option 3: S R Q P
Combining the parts: (S) photoelectric cells (R) which convert light energy into electrical energy (Q) rubidium is used (P) in the filaments of. This results in: "photoelectric cells which convert light energy into electrical energy rubidium is used in the filaments of." This sentence structure is incorrect.
Option 4: R S Q P
Combining the parts: (R) which convert light energy into electrical energy (S) photoelectric cells (Q) rubidium is used (P) in the filaments of. This results in: "which convert light energy into electrical energy photoelectric cells rubidium is used in the filaments of." This sentence starts with a dependent clause ("which convert..."), making it grammatically incorrect without a preceding main clause.
Identifying the Correct Sentence Arrangement
Based on the evaluation, the sequence QPSR creates a complete, grammatically sound, and logical sentence explaining the use of rubidium in photoelectric cells.
The correct sequence is QPSR, forming the sentence: "Rubidium is used in the filaments of photoelectric cells which convert light energy into electrical energy."
Revision Table: Key Concepts
| Concept | Description | Relevance to Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Rubidium | A soft, silvery-white metallic element. | The subject being discussed in relation to its usage. |
| Photoelectric Cells | Devices that convert light into electrical energy. | The object where rubidium is used. |
| Filaments | Thin wires, often inside vacuum tubes or lamps. | A specific part of the photoelectric cell where rubidium is located. |
| Sentence Jumbling | Rearranging mixed-up sentence parts to form a coherent sentence. | The core task of the question. |
Additional Information: Photoelectric Effect
The sentence touches upon photoelectric cells. These cells work based on the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material. In photoelectric cells, materials like rubidium or cesium are often used because they readily emit electrons when exposed to light of certain frequencies. This emission of electrons creates an electric current, thus converting light energy into electrical energy.
Understanding the meaning of the parts, like what photoelectric cells do, helps in arranging the sentence logically. Part (R) "which convert light energy into electrical energy" acts as a relative clause describing the function of the "photoelectric cells" (S). This suggests that S and R should likely be together or in close proximity, with R following S to describe it. The sentence starts with the subject and verb "rubidium is used" (Q), followed by where it is used "in the filaments of" (P), leading to the object "photoelectric cells" (S), which are then described by (R). This confirms the QPSR order.
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