Direction: Each of the following items in this section consists of a sentence, the parts of which have been jumbled. These parts have been labelled P, Q, R and S. Given below each sentence are four sequences namely (a), (b), (c) and (d). You are required to rearrange the jumbled parts of the sentence and mark your response accordingly. in the years following ( P) / India achieved remarkable economic development (Q) / liberalization in the year 1991 (R) / the landmark reforms inaugurated via (S) The correct sequence should be:
Understanding Jumbled Sentence Rearrangement
This question requires us to rearrange the given jumbled parts of a sentence (labelled P, Q, R, and S) into a coherent and grammatically correct sentence. We need to identify the logical flow and structure of the sentence.
Let's look at the parts:
- (P) in the years following
- (Q) India achieved remarkable economic development
- (R) liberalization in the year 1991
- (S) the landmark reforms inaugurated via
We need to find a sequence that makes sense. Often, identifying the subject and the main verb helps. Part (Q) "India achieved remarkable economic development" seems to be a complete thought or the main clause of the sentence, stating what happened.
So, let's consider starting with (Q).
What follows the achievement mentioned in (Q)? Part (P) "in the years following" is a phrase indicating a time frame related to something that happened previously or is about to be mentioned. This phrase often connects the main event to a subsequent event or period.
If we combine (Q) and (P): "India achieved remarkable economic development in the years following..." Following what? We need something that the years followed.
Part (S) "the landmark reforms inaugurated via" introduces the cause or the specific event/process that initiated the period mentioned in (P). It seems logical that the years followed these reforms.
Combining (Q), (P), and (S): "India achieved remarkable economic development in the years following the landmark reforms inaugurated via..." Via what? We need the specific reforms.
Part (R) "liberalization in the year 1991" identifies the specific landmark reforms. This logically completes the phrase started in (S).
Combining all parts in the order Q-P-S-R:
"India achieved remarkable economic development in the years following the landmark reforms inaugurated via liberalization in the year 1991."
This sequence forms a grammatically correct and meaningful sentence. Let's examine the options provided:
- (a) PQRS: "in the years following India achieved remarkable economic development the landmark reforms inaugurated via liberalization in the year 1991" - Incorrect structure.
- (b) PRSQ: "in the years following liberalization in the year 1991 the landmark reforms inaugurated via India achieved remarkable economic development" - Grammatically incorrect and nonsensical.
- (c) SPRQ: "the landmark reforms inaugurated via liberalization in the year 1991 in the years following India achieved remarkable economic development" - Awkward and incorrect structure.
- (d) QPSR: "India achieved remarkable economic development in the years following the landmark reforms inaugurated via liberalization in the year 1991" - Correct sequence identified above.
Therefore, the correct sequence is QPSR.
Revision Table: Analyzing Sentence Structure
| Part | Content | Role in Sentence | Logical Placement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q | India achieved remarkable economic development | Main Clause (Subject + Verb + Object) | Likely starting point |
| P | in the years following | Prepositional Phrase (Time/Consequence) | Follows the main event (Q) and precedes what was followed |
| S | the landmark reforms inaugurated via | Noun Phrase + Participial Phrase (Introducing the specific event) | Explains what was "followed" (from P) |
| R | liberalization in the year 1991 | Noun Phrase + Prepositional Phrase (Identifying the reforms) | Completes the phrase started in S |
Additional Information: Sentence Rearrangement Strategies
Sentence rearrangement questions, also known as para-jumbles, test your ability to understand sentence structure, grammar, and logical flow. Here are some strategies:
- Identify the opening sentence: Look for independent clauses that can stand alone or sentences that introduce the main topic. These often don't start with conjunctions (like 'and', 'but', 'so') or prepositions indicating continuation (like 'therefore', 'however').
- Find connecting phrases: Look for words or phrases that link sentences, such as pronouns (he, she, it, they), demonstratives (this, that, these, those), transitional words (however, therefore, moreover), and time indicators (then, next, afterwards, in the years following).
- Establish logical order: Determine the cause-and-effect relationships, chronological order, or general-to-specific flow of ideas.
- Look for concluding sentences: Sometimes, a sentence summarises or concludes the topic discussed.
- Eliminate options: Once you've identified a likely starting point or a pair of sentences that must go together, use the options to eliminate incorrect sequences.
- Read the rearranged sentence aloud: Check if the combined sentence sounds natural and is grammatically correct.
In this specific question, identifying (Q) as the main clause and then looking for phrases that logically follow it (time frame P, then the event S+R that caused the time frame) helps quickly arrive at the correct QPSR sequence.
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Important Questions from Sentence Jumbles
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S1: In mechanical efforts, you improve by perpetual practice.
S6: There is neither excuse nor temptation for the latter.
P: He cannot go on shooting wide or falling short, and still fancy that he is making progress.
Q: This is so because the object to be attained is a matter of actual experiment in which you either succeed or fail.
R: He must either correct his aim or persevere in his error with his eyes open.
S: If a man aims at a mark with a bow and arrow, he must either hit it or aim it.
The correct sequence should be
The following question consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly.
S1: Isaac’s mother married again.
S6: He had a set of little tools and saw of various sizes made by himself.
P: But he was known to be very clever at making things.
Q: She sent him to school.
R: Isaac was left to the care of his good old grandmother.
S: In his early years Isaac did not appear to be a very bright student.
The correct sequence should be
The following question consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly.
S1: The examination system must be regarded as the chief wrecker of young nerves.
S6: If I become a Vice-Chancellor, my first act would be to abolish all examinations in my university.
P: It makes me jump out of the bed, all in a sweat.
Q: It does this by building up a tension, for a part of the year, all through one’s youth.
R: And after four decades, the same nervousness sometimes recurs to me in nightmares.
S: I remember the desperate nervousness that used to grip me from January to April every year.
The correct sequence should be
The following question consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly.
S1: History is a subject that is so little valued today that it is almost impossible to win world fame as a historian, yet that is exactly what Toynbee was able to.
S6: Among the civilizations that he studied was that of India.
P: We usually think of history as a chronological account of the development of various states and empires under the ruler.
Q: Toynbee’s view of history was different.
R: He tries to find the pattern behind the birth, growth and decay of civilization.
S: Though he used the recorded history of mankind, he was interested not merely in the chronology of single states or group but in the rise and fall of whole civilizations.
The correct sequence should be
The following question consists of six sentences of a passage. The first and the sixth sentences are given in the beginning as S1 and S6. The middle four sentences in each have been jumbled up and labelled P, Q, R and S. You are required to find the proper sequence of the four sentences and mark your response accordingly.
S1: Science first began to become important after A.D. 1500.
S6: Men read them, became inquisitive again, and began to want to find things out.
P: As a result of this, books came to be circulated.
Q: During the Middle Ages the coming of Science was hindered by the Church.
R: In the middle of the fifteenth century, however, the Turks captured the city of Constantinople and the Greek books were scattered far and wide.
S: It considered the free inquiry into the nature of things to be wicked.
The correct sequence should be
