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Question

Define infertility. How will you investigate the tubal factors of female infertility?

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Definition: Infertility is the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse, or after 6 months in women aged ≥35 years.

  • Tubal Factor Evaluation: Tubal pathology contributes significantly to female infertility by blocking sperm-egg interaction or embryo transport.
  • Hysterosalpingography (HSG): Initial test; radiopaque dye outlines uterine cavity and tubes on X-ray, detecting blockages or hydrosalpinx.
  • Sonohysterography/HyCoSy: Uses ultrasound with saline or contrast to assess patency, avoiding radiation.
  • Laparoscopy with Chromopertubation: Gold standard; direct visualization with dye spill, enabling diagnosis and treatment of adhesions or endometriosis.
  • Selective Salpingography/Falloposcopy: Advanced methods for intraluminal assessment.

Answered By:

Sarvesh Jha

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