Understanding the First Census in India

The question asks about the beginning of the census process in India and the British Governor-General under whose tenure it first took place in 1872. The census is a crucial exercise for collecting demographic and socio-economic data about a population.

History of Census in India

The history of the census in India dates back to the late 19th century during the British Raj. While systematic and modern censuses began later, the first attempt at a census was made in 1872.

Analyzing the Options and the First Census

Let's look at the options provided and their relevance to the first census in India in 1872:

• Lord Lawrence: John Lawrence served as Viceroy of India from 1864 to 1869. The first census in 1872 did not occur during his term.
• Lord Canning: Charles Canning was the first Viceroy of India, serving from 1858 to 1862 (and Governor-General before that, from 1856 to 1858). The 1872 census was not conducted during his time.
• Lord Cornwallis: Charles Cornwallis served two terms as Governor-General of India, from 1786 to 1793 and briefly in 1805. This period is much earlier than the first census in 1872.
• Lord Mayo: Richard Bourke, 6th Earl of Mayo, served as Viceroy of India from 1869 to 1872. The first census in India, though not fully synchronous, was conducted in 1872 during his administration.

The first attempt at a comprehensive census in India was indeed conducted in 1872. Although it was not a complete synchronous census across the whole country, it is recognized as the first population count effort on a broad scale. This initiative took place during the tenure of Lord Mayo.

Conclusion on the First Census

Based on historical records, the first census in India was initiated in the year 1872 under the administration of Lord Mayo.

Revision Table: Key Facts about India Census

Additional Information: The Census Process

The census is a vital statistical operation that involves collecting, compiling, analyzing, and disseminating demographic, social, cultural, and economic data about all persons in a country at a specific time. It is important for:

• Planning and policy making
• Demarcation of constituencies
• Allocation of resources
• Understanding population trends

The census in India is conducted under the Census Act, 1948. The Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India is responsible for conducting the census.

The 1872 census provided a baseline for future, more systematic population counts. The first complete and synchronous census across India was conducted in 1881.