Understanding Ancient Bharatanatyam Teachers

Bharatanatyam is a classical Indian dance form originating in Tamil Nadu. Like any intricate art form, the transfer of knowledge from generation to generation is crucial. This transmission happens through dedicated teachers or gurus.

Identifying the Guru's Title in Bharatanatyam

The question asks for the specific term used for ancient dance teachers or gurus of Bharatanatyam. These individuals were not just instructors; they were often the custodians of the art form, passing down traditions, techniques, and repertoire.

Let's look at the options provided:

• Govardhans
• Nattuvanars
• Unnikonans
• Asans

In the context of Bharatanatyam, the term that specifically refers to the dance master or guru, especially in historical and traditional settings, is "Nattuvanar". The Nattuvanar holds a central role in a Bharatanatyam performance, often conducting the orchestra (nattuvangam) using cymbals (tala) and reciting the rhythmic syllables (solkattu) while the dancer performs. They are the chief choreographers and teachers.

Let's consider why the other options are not the correct term for a Bharatanatyam guru:

• Govardhans: This term is not commonly associated with Bharatanatyam gurus.
• Unnikonans: This term is also not the standard term for Bharatanatyam teachers.
• Asans: 'Asan' or 'Aasaan' is a general term for teacher or master in some South Indian languages, but in the specific context of classical Indian dance forms like Bharatanatyam, 'Nattuvanar' is the precise historical and traditional term for the principal dance master. While an Asan is a teacher, a Nattuvanar is specifically the dance conductor and guru in Bharatanatyam.

Therefore, the ancient dance teachers or gurus of Bharatanatyam are popularly known as Nattuvanars.

Role of the Nattuvanar

The Nattuvanar's role was multifaceted:

• Teaching the intricate movements, expressions, and rhythms of Bharatanatyam.
• Choreographing dance pieces.
• Conducting the music and rhythm during a performance.
• Serving as a link to the traditional lineage and style.

Conclusion on Bharatanatyam Gurus

Based on the historical and traditional terminology associated with Bharatanatyam, the correct term for the ancient dance teachers or gurus is Nattuvanars.

Revision Table: Bharatanatyam Terminology

Additional Information: Evolution of Bharatanatyam Teaching

Historically, Bharatanatyam was performed in temples and royal courts, and the knowledge was primarily transmitted within specific families or lineages of Nattuvanars. These families guarded the art form and its techniques carefully.

In modern times, while the term Nattuvanar is still used, the teaching structure has also evolved. Dance institutions and schools play a significant role, and teachers may be referred to as 'Guru' or 'Master' alongside the traditional title depending on their lineage and practice.

The relationship between the Bharatanatyam student and guru is considered sacred, emphasizing not just technical training but also instilling cultural values, discipline, and a deep understanding of the art's spiritual aspects.