Account for the present location of iron and steel industries away from the source of raw material, by giving examples.
Historically, iron and steel industries were located near sources of coal and iron ore due to their weight and the high cost of transportation. However, several factors now allow these industries to be located away from raw material sources.
First, technological advancements have significantly reduced the amount of coking coal needed per tonne of steel, diminishing coal's locational pull.
Second, the rise of global trade and massive bulk carriers has made importing high-grade raw materials cheaper than transporting lower-grade domestic ones over land. For example, the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is located on the coast to facilitate the import of superior coking coal from Australia and export finished steel.
Third, many modern plants are market-oriented. Being close to coastal industrial hubs or major consumption centers reduces the transport cost of the final product, which is often more critical. Japan, with virtually no domestic raw materials, became a steel giant by setting up efficient coastal plants that thrive on imported resources.
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Important Questions from GS1
How far is it correct to say that the First World War was fought essentially for the preservation of the balance of power?
How far was the Industrial Revolution in England responsible for the decline of handicrafts and cottage industries in India?
The groundwater potential of the Gangetic valley is on a serious decline. How may it affect the food security of India?
What are aurora australis and aurora borealis? How are these triggered?
What is a twister? Why are the majority of twisters observed in areas around the Gulf of Mexico?
