Amara-Nayaka System Explained: Identifying the Incorrect Statement
The question asks us to identify the statement that is NOT correct regarding the "Amara-Nayaka system" which was a significant feature of the Vijayanagara Empire.
Let's analyze each statement:
Statement 1: Innovation of the Vijayanagara Empire
The Amara-Nayaka system was indeed a major political and administrative innovation introduced and developed during the Vijayanagara Empire. It played a crucial role in the empire's expansion and consolidation. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Statement 2: Role of Amara-Nayakas
Amara-Nayakas were essentially military governors or commanders. They were granted territories (called 'Nayakatvam') to administer. Their responsibilities included maintaining law and order, collecting taxes and other dues (like tributes) from the peasants, craftspersons, and traders within their assigned territory. They were also expected to lead military campaigns when required by the central authority. This statement accurately describes their role and hence is correct.
Statement 3: Revenue Utilization
The Amara-Nayakas were allowed to retain a portion of the collected revenue. This share was crucial for their personal expenses and, importantly, for maintaining a specified contingent of soldiers, including horses and elephants, as mandated by the empire. This ensured they had the military capacity to fulfill their duties. Thus, this statement is correct.
Statement 4: Use of Revenue for Temple Maintenance
This statement claims that Amara-Nayakas were *not allowed* to use their share of revenue for the maintenance of temples. Historical evidence suggests the opposite. Patronage of temples was a common practice among rulers and officials in medieval India, including the Vijayanagara period. Amara-Nayakas often endowed temples, participated in religious festivals, and contributed to temple construction and upkeep. Therefore, the assertion that they were prohibited from using revenue for temples is incorrect. In fact, temple support was often a way for them to gain legitimacy and public support.
Based on this analysis, the statement that is NOT correct is the one claiming restrictions on temple maintenance funding.
Summary of Statements
| Statement | Correctness | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Major political innovation of Vijayanagara Empire. | Correct | The system was central to Vijayanagara's administration. |
| 2. Military commanders governing territories & collecting dues. | Correct | This accurately defines their primary function. |
| 3. Retained revenue for personal use & troop maintenance. | Correct | A portion of revenue was allocated for their needs and military upkeep. |
| 4. Not allowed to use revenue for temple maintenance. | Incorrect | Amara-Nayakas typically patronized temples; this restriction did not exist. |
Therefore, the statement "They were not allowed to use their share of revenue for the maintenance of temples" is the incorrect assertion about the Amara-Nayaka system.
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