Analyzing Widow Reforms in 18th Century India

This question asks us to evaluate three statements regarding the condition and reforms concerning widows in 18th-century India. Let's examine each statement:

Statement 1: Raja Sawai Jai Singh and Widow Remarriage

Raja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber (and founder of Jaipur), was a notable figure in the 18th century, known for his patronage of astronomy and architecture, and for initiating administrative reforms. While he was a progressive ruler in many aspects, historical records do not prominently feature him actively promoting the practice of widow remarriage across his kingdom as a major social reform initiative. Therefore, this statement is likely incorrect.

Statement 2: Parshuram Bhau and Widow Remarriage

Parshuram Bhau Patwardhan was a significant Maratha general and statesman during the latter half of the 18th century. Historical context suggests that various social reform movements, including those advocating for widow remarriage, were emerging or gaining momentum in different parts of India during this period. Some accounts link Parshuram Bhau with efforts that supported or encouraged widow remarriage, making this statement plausible and considered correct in this context.

Statement 3: Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Sati Opposition

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a pivotal social reformer and a leading figure in the 19th-century Bengal Renaissance. His tireless efforts and advocacy were instrumental in bringing about the abolition of the Sati practice, where widows were immolated on their husband's funeral pyres. He strongly opposed Sati and campaigned vigorously against it, influencing the government's decision to ban the practice in 1829. This statement is historically accurate and correct.

Conclusion on Correct Statements

Based on the historical analysis:

• Statement 1 is generally considered incorrect as Raja Sawai Jai Singh's primary focus wasn't on promoting widow remarriage.
• Statement 2 is considered correct, linking Parshuram Bhau to the promotion of widow remarriage.
• Statement 3 is definitively correct, highlighting Raja Ram Mohan Roy's crucial role in opposing Sati.

Therefore, the statements that are correct are 2 and 3.