Understanding the First Anglo-Maratha War Context
The question asks to identify the Governor of India during a specific historical event: the first Anglo-Maratha war. To answer this, we first need to know when this war took place.
The first Anglo-Maratha war occurred between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire from $1775$ to $1782$.
Identifying the Governor During the War
During this period, the highest British official in India was the Governor-General of Bengal (the British administrative headquarters). We need to find who held this position between 1775 and 1782.
Warren Hastings' Tenure
Warren Hastings served as the Governor of Bengal from $1772$ to $1785$. This entire period completely encompasses the duration of the first Anglo-Maratha war ($1775$-$1782$). Therefore, Warren Hastings was the Governor of India (Governor-General of Bengal) at the time of the first Anglo-Maratha war.
His administration was deeply involved in the political and military events leading up to and during the war. He played a key role in shaping the British East India Company's policies towards the Marathas during this critical time.
Analyzing Other Options
Let's look at why the other options are incorrect:
- Lord Wellesley: His tenure as Governor-General was from $1798$ to $1805$, which is much later than the first Anglo-Maratha war. He is known for the Subsidiary Alliance system and the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War.
- Lord Minto I: His term as Governor-General was from $1807$ to $1813$, also long after the first Anglo-Maratha war.
- Lord Cornwallis: He served as Governor-General from $1786$ to $1793$ and again from $1805$ to $1805$. While his tenure followed the war, he was not the Governor during the actual conflict. He is known for the Third Anglo-Mysore War and the Permanent Settlement.
Based on the timelines, only Warren Hastings was the Governor of India during the first Anglo-Maratha war.
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The ______ Act gave the British government the power to imprison any person without trial.
