Permanent Settlement Introduced by Cornwallis
The question asks about the Governor-General under whom the Permanent Settlement was introduced in the year 1793. This was a significant land revenue system implemented during the British East India Company's rule in India.
Understanding the Permanent Settlement
The Permanent Settlement, also known as the Zamindari system, was introduced in 1793. Its primary goal was to fix the land revenue demand permanently, thereby ensuring a stable and predictable income for the Company.
- It recognized the landholders (Zamindars) as proprietors of land in exchange for a fixed revenue payment to the state.
- This system was initially implemented in the provinces of Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Varanasi.
Governor-General during 1793
The historical records clearly indicate that the Governor-General during whose tenure the Permanent Settlement was established in 1793 was Charles Cornwallis.
- Charles Cornwallis served as the Governor-General of Bengal from 1786 to 1793. His administration is strongly associated with this major land reform.
Analysis of Options
Let's look at the other options provided:
- Dalhousie: Lord Dalhousie was Governor-General much later (1848-1856) and is known for policies like the Doctrine of Lapse.
- Warren Hastings: Warren Hastings was the Governor-General before Cornwallis (1772-1785) and focused on administrative and judicial reforms, including experiments with revenue collection, but not the Permanent Settlement of 1793.
- William Bentinck: William Bentinck served as Governor-General from 1828 to 1835 and is known for significant social and educational reforms, like the abolition of Sati.
Therefore, the introduction of the Permanent Settlement in 1793 occurred under the Governor-Generalship of Charles Cornwallis.
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