Who was the founder of the Farazi Movement ?
Haji Shariatullah
The Faraizi movement was founded by Haji Shariatullah — option 1.
Origin and meaning. Haji Shariatullah of Faridpur in eastern Bengal returned from a long stay in Mecca and began preaching in 1818. The name comes from faraiz, the obligatory duties of Islam, and his call was that Muslims should give up practices absorbed from local custom and return to those duties.
| Person | Role |
|---|---|
| Haji Shariatullah | Founder of the Faraizi movement in 1818, in Faridpur, eastern Bengal |
| Dudhu Mian (Muhammad Mohsin) | His son, who led the movement after him and turned it into an organised agrarian struggle — a successor, not the founder |
| Sayyid Ahmad of Rae Bareli | Leader of a separate movement, the Wahabi or Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya |
How it turned into a peasant movement. Under Dudhu Mian, from about 1840, the Faraizis organised the Muslim peasantry, weavers and cultivators of eastern Bengal against the illegal cesses levied by the largely Hindu zamindars and against the coercion of European indigo planters. He divided the region into circles under appointed khalifas, set up his own system of arbitration to settle disputes outside the zamindar’s courts, and declared that land belonged to God so that no one had the right to levy a tax on it. The movement was thus religious in language and agrarian in substance, which is why it is studied both as a reform movement and as an early peasant uprising.
Why option 4 fails. “More than one of the above” would require at least two founders. Dudhu Mian inherited the leadership from his father rather than founding anything, and Sayyid Ahmad belongs to a different movement altogether, so exactly one name is correct.
Hence, the answer is Haji Shariatullah.
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