Who is referred to as 'Frontier Gandhi'?
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan
Understanding the Title 'Frontier Gandhi'
The question asks us to identify the historical figure who was famously known as 'Frontier Gandhi'. This title was given to someone who adopted and promoted principles similar to Mahatma Gandhi's, particularly non-violent resistance, in the Northwest Frontier Province (now in Pakistan).
Who is Called 'Frontier Gandhi'?
The title 'Frontier Gandhi' is specifically associated with Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. He was a prominent Pashtun independence activist against British rule in India. He was a devout Muslim and a close friend of Mahatma Gandhi.
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan organized a non-violent resistance movement known as the Khudai Khidmatgar (Servants of God). This movement, also called the 'Red Shirts' due to the colour of their uniforms, worked for the independence of India and the unity of the Pashtun people through non-violent means. His commitment to non-violence in a region often associated with tribal conflicts earned him the comparison to Gandhi, hence the title 'Frontier Gandhi'.
Analyzing the Options
- Sheikh Abdullah: He was a prominent political leader in Kashmir. He founded the National Conference. While important, he is not known as 'Frontier Gandhi'.
- Manilal Gandhi: He was the second son of Mahatma Gandhi and spent most of his life in South Africa, working on the Indian opinion newspaper. He is not known as 'Frontier Gandhi'.
- Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan: As discussed, he is widely recognized by the title 'Frontier Gandhi' for his non-violent movement in the Northwest Frontier Province.
- Gopal Krishna Gokhale: He was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and a mentor to Mahatma Gandhi. He was a respected moderate leader but is not known as 'Frontier Gandhi'.
Based on historical records and the analysis of the options, the correct answer is Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan.
| Name | Region/Role | Known Title/Association |
|---|---|---|
| Sheikh Abdullah | Kashmir leader | Sher-e-Kashmir (Lion of Kashmir) |
| Manilal Gandhi | Mahatma Gandhi's son, Activist in South Africa | Worked with father's movement |
| Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan | Northwest Frontier Province leader | Frontier Gandhi, Badshah Khan |
| Gopal Krishna Gokhale | Indian National Congress Leader | Political Guru of Mahatma Gandhi |
Conclusion
The person referred to as 'Frontier Gandhi' is Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. His dedication to non-violent resistance aligned closely with Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy, earning him this respectful title.
Revision Table
| Term | Description |
|---|---|
| Frontier Gandhi | Title given to Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. |
| Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan | Pashtun leader, Indian independence activist, founder of Khudai Khidmatgar movement. |
| Khudai Khidmatgar | Non-violent movement led by Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan. |
| Non-violence | Principle of resistance without using physical force, central to both Gandhi and Frontier Gandhi's movements. |
Additional Information
Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan was also known as Badshah Khan (King Khan). His Khudai Khidmatgar movement was one of the most successful non-violent movements in history. Despite being a devout Muslim, he strongly advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and opposed the partition of India. He was a strong believer in the idea of a united India and was deeply disappointed by the partition. He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 1987.
His life and work are a testament to the power of non-violent resistance and the possibility of inter-faith harmony in the pursuit of freedom and justice.
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