The view that 'socialisation is working against our natural inclinations and drives' is strongly associated with the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud.
Freud proposed that human behavior is driven by innate, biological instincts or drives (primarily sexual and aggressive urges), represented by the id. The process of socialization involves the development of the ego and the superego, which internalizes societal norms and morality.
According to Freud, civilization and social living require individuals to repress or modify these natural drives to conform to societal expectations. This conflict between innate desires and social constraints means that socialization inherently works against our primal instincts, leading to internal tension and psychological development.
Therefore, Freud's perspective directly addresses the idea that social learning and integration oppose our fundamental, natural inclinations.
| List - I Thinker | List - II Idea Proposed |
| A. Robert Redfield | I. Geminschaft and Gesellschaft |
| B. Ferdinand Tonnies | II. Little and Great Tradition |
| C. Herbert Spencer | III. Cyclical Theory of Social Change |
| D. Pitrim Sorokin | IV. Social Darwinism |
| List - I Author | List - II Books |
| A. Lynd and Lynd | I. New Haven |
| B. W. Lloyd Warner | II. Street corner society |
| C. Williamfoot whyte | III. Middle town : study in contemporary American culture |
| D. Robert Dahl | IV. Yankee City |