Indian Revolutionaries and the Communist Party in Mexico

The question asks to identify the Indian revolutionary who founded the Communist Party in Mexico in 1917.

To answer this, we need to recall the activities of prominent Indian revolutionaries, especially those who were active internationally.

Analyzing the Options for Founding the Communist Party in Mexico

Let's look at the individuals mentioned in the options:

• SA Dange: Shripad Amrit Dange was a key figure in the early trade union movement and the communist movement within India. He was involved in establishing the Communist Party of India (CPI) but his main activities were centered in India, particularly from the 1920s onwards. He is not known for founding the Communist Party in Mexico.
• MN Roy: Manabendra Nath Roy, born Narendra Nath Bhattacharya, was a revolutionary who traveled extensively and played a significant role in both the Indian independence movement and the international communist movement. He was in the United States and later moved to Mexico in 1917. While in Mexico, he was actively involved in political activities. He, along with others like Charles Phillips, was instrumental in transforming the Socialist Party of Mexico into the Communist Party of Mexico, which was formally established in 1919, evolving from earlier socialist groups he influenced from 1917 onwards. Therefore, he is strongly associated with founding the communist movement and party in Mexico during this period.
• Mohammad Ali: This name likely refers to Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, a prominent leader of the Khilafat Movement and a key figure in the Indian independence struggle alongside Mahatma Gandhi. His activities were primarily focused on the Indian independence movement and communal harmony (initially). He had no known connection to the founding of the Communist Party in Mexico.
• SV Ghate: Saklatvala Vir Ghate was one of the founding members of the Communist Party of India (CPI) when it was officially established in India in 1925. He served as the first General Secretary of the CPI. His contributions were within the Indian context, not related to founding a communist party in Mexico.

Based on historical evidence, MN Roy is the Indian revolutionary who was active in Mexico around 1917 and played a pivotal role in the formation of the Communist Party there. His international activities and connections within the communist movement distinguish him among the given options.

Historical Context of MN Roy in Mexico

MN Roy's presence in Mexico from 1917 to 1919 was a crucial phase in his career. He arrived in Mexico after facing deportation from the United States. In Mexico, he connected with local socialists and intellectuals. His efforts contributed significantly to the ideological shift within the existing socialist groups, leading to the formation of the first communist party in Mexico. Although the formal establishment date is often cited as 1919, his foundational work and influence began upon his arrival in 1917, making him the correct answer in the context of the options provided.

Comparison of Options

Conclusion on the Founder

Therefore, the Indian revolutionary who was involved in founding the Communist Party in Mexico in the period around 1917 is MN Roy. His international revolutionary career is well-documented, including his activities in Mexico which led to the formation of the communist party there.

Revision Table: Key Figures in Indian & International Communism

Additional Information: MN Roy's Legacy

MN Roy is a unique figure in the history of Indian and international politics. His involvement in Mexico was just one part of a broader journey that included participating in the Ghadr Party activities, attending the Second Congress of the Comintern where he debated with Lenin, founding the Communist Party of India in Tashkent, and later returning to India to work within the national movement before developing his philosophy of Radical Humanism. His ability to connect revolutionary movements across continents highlights his significance as a global revolutionary.