Which property is used to differentiate atoms of various elements based on the total mass of their protons and neutrons in the nucleus?
Atomic mass
The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons, and each of these particles contributes almost equally to the total mass of the atom.
Atomic number counts only the number of protons, while valency describes the combining capacity of an atom, so neither reflects total nuclear mass.
Atomic mass is defined as the combined mass of protons and neutrons present in the nucleus, and it is this property that is used to distinguish atoms of different elements by mass.
Hence, the correct answer is atomic mass.
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