Which part of a Vernier caliper is used to measure the depth of a hole?
The depth measuring blade
The governing principle is that a Vernier caliper combines several measuring elements on one frame, and depth is read by a dedicated slender rod rather than by the jaws.
The instrument carries outside jaws for external sizes, inside jaws for bores, and a thin depth measuring blade (depth rod) that projects from the end of the beam.
To measure a hole's depth, the end face of the main beam is rested flat on the top of the hole while the depth blade is lowered inside.
As the sliding jaw is moved, the depth blade extends until its tip touches the bottom of the hole, and the amount it has projected equals the depth.
That distance is then read on the main scale together with the vernier fraction, giving the hole depth directly.
The fixed jaw works with the movable jaw to grip outside dimensions, so it is not the depth-measuring feature.
The main scale only provides the graduations to read against, and the locking screw merely clamps the slider, so neither of them reaches into the hole to measure depth.
Hence, the answer is The depth measuring blade.
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