Which combination of components allows a vernier calliper to measure both internal and external dimensions accurately?
Fixed jaw, movable jaw & vernier scale
The governing principle is that a vernier caliper takes a reading from a movable jaw sliding along a scale, and only the jaws plus the vernier fraction can capture both inside and outside sizes accurately.
Measurement is made by moving the sliding jaw along the graduated beam and reading the main scale plus the fraction indicated by the vernier scale.
The tool has a fixed jaw on the beam and a movable jaw on the slider; the lower jaws close onto an object for an external dimension, while the upper jaws open out inside a bore for an internal dimension.
Precision comes from the vernier scale, which resolves the fraction of a division between the main-scale marks.
So the combination that actually performs both internal and external measurement is the fixed jaw, the movable jaw, and the vernier scale.
Pairing the fixed jaw with only the locking screw leaves out the vernier fraction, so no precise value can be read.
Combinations built on the locking screw, the depth blade, or the main scale alone omit either the jaw pair or the vernier reading, so they cannot handle both measurements accurately.
Hence, the answer is Fixed jaw, movable jaw & vernier scale.
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Important Questions from Caliper
How many divisions are graduated on the thimble of micrometer?
The least count of Vernier bevel protractor is ____
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