Which part of a gas regulator directly responds to changes in outlet pressure?
The diaphragm inside the regulator
A gas regulator's job is to take a high, varying cylinder pressure and hold a steady lower pressure at its outlet, which means it must continuously sense the outlet pressure and correct itself.
To do this it needs a movable part exposed to the outlet gas that can convert a pressure change into mechanical motion.
The flexible diaphragm inside the regulator is that part: outlet gas presses on one face while an adjusting spring pushes on the other, so the diaphragm flexes the instant outlet pressure rises or falls.
That diaphragm movement is linked to the valve, so as it deflects it opens or closes the valve to restore the set outlet pressure, forming a self-correcting balance against the spring.
The inlet connection only admits high-pressure gas from the cylinder and does not respond to outlet changes.
The pressure gauge merely displays a reading and takes no controlling action, and the rigid regulator body is fixed metal that cannot move with pressure, so none of these can perform the sensing.
Hence, the answer is The diaphragm inside the regulator.
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