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Question

Which one of the following statements is true for James Webb Space Telescope launched in December 2021?

This question was previously asked in
CDS 2 2024 Maths Question Paper (01-Sep-2024)
The correct answer is

It orbits the Sun, about 15 lakh km away from the Earth.

This solution explains the correct orbital characteristics of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), launched in December 2021, addressing the provided multiple-choice question.

James Webb Space Telescope Orbit Details

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a revolutionary space observatory that began its scientific mission after its launch in December 2021. Understanding its location and movement in space is crucial.

Understanding JWST's Location

  • The JWST is designed to observe the universe from a special location in space.
  • Unlike telescopes that orbit the Earth (like Hubble), JWST orbits the Sun.
  • It is positioned at the second Lagrange point, known as L2.
  • This point is located approximately $1.5$ million kilometers ($15$ लाख km) away from Earth, in the direction opposite to the Sun.
  • This unique orbit helps keep the telescope cold and stable, essential for its infrared observations.

Analysis of Options

Let's examine each statement:

  • Option 1: It orbits the Sun, about 15 lakh km away from the Earth.
    This statement is true. The JWST orbits the Sun at the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point, which is about $1.5$ million kilometers ($15$ लाख km) from Earth. This position provides a stable thermal environment and a clear view of the cosmos.
  • Option 2: It orbits the Earth, about 15 lakh km away.
    This statement is false. The JWST does not orbit the Earth. Telescopes orbiting Earth are much closer, typically in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) or Geostationary Orbit (GEO).
  • Option 3: It is stationary in space nearly 10 lakh km away from the Earth.
    This statement is false. The JWST is not stationary; it orbits the Sun. Also, the distance mentioned ($10$ लाख km) is incorrect; the actual distance is about $15$ लाख km. Lagrange points are locations of gravitational equilibrium, but the telescope itself is constantly moving in an orbit around these points.
  • Option 4: It revolves around the Moon nearly 3.5 lakh km away from the Earth.
    This statement is false. The JWST's mission does not involve revolving around the Moon. The distance mentioned ($3.5$ लाख km) is roughly the distance to the Moon, but JWST is not located there.

Conclusion on JWST's Orbit

Based on the operational details of the James Webb Space Telescope, the only accurate statement is that it orbits the Sun at a distance of approximately $15$ लाख km from Earth. This specific location allows it to perform its groundbreaking astronomical observations effectively.

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