Which of the following was established in Bombay in 1875?
Arya Samaj
Understanding Social and Religious Reform Movements in India
The 19th century in India was a period of significant social and religious awakening. Various reform movements emerged, founded by visionary leaders who aimed to eradicate social evils, promote education, and redefine religious practices. These movements played a crucial role in shaping modern India.
Analyzing the Options for the 1875 Bombay Establishment
The question asks which of the given organizations was established in Bombay in the year 1875. Let's examine each option:
- Satyashodhak Samaj: This organization was founded by Jyotirao Phule in 1873. Its main aim was to fight against caste-based discrimination and oppression, particularly focusing on the rights of lower castes and women. It was primarily active in Maharashtra.
- Aligarh Movement: This movement was started by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. It began after the Indian Mutiny of 1857 and aimed at modernizing the education of the Muslim community by establishing institutions like the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College (which later became Aligarh Muslim University) in Aligarh in 1875.
- Brahma Samaj: Founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1828, the Brahma Samaj was one of the earliest socio-religious reform movements. It advocated for monotheism, opposed idolatry and caste system, and promoted rationalism. It was primarily based in Bengal.
- Arya Samaj: This organization was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati. Its goal was to revive Vedic religion and reform Hindu society. It rejected idolatry, rituals, and the caste system by birth, promoting instead a society based on merit and Vedic principles.
To determine which was established in Bombay in 1875, we need to look at the founding details of each movement.
Let's summarize the key details of each movement in a table:
| Movement | Founder | Year of Establishment | Primary Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| Satyashodhak Samaj | Jyotirao Phule | 1873 | Maharashtra |
| Aligarh Movement | Sir Syed Ahmed Khan | From 1857 (College established 1875) | Aligarh |
| Brahma Samaj | Raja Ram Mohan Roy | 1828 | Bengal |
| Arya Samaj | Swami Dayananda Saraswati | 1875 | Bombay |
Identifying the Correct Establishment
Based on the historical information, the Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati in Bombay (now Mumbai) in the year 1875. This matches the criteria given in the question.
The other options do not fit the description:
- Satyashodhak Samaj was founded in 1873.
- The Aligarh movement's college was established in 1875, but its primary location and the movement itself are associated with Aligarh, not Bombay.
- Brahma Samaj was founded much earlier, in 1828.
Therefore, the organization established in Bombay in 1875 was the Arya Samaj.
Revision Table: Key Reform Movements
| Movement | Year | Founder | Location | Key Ideas |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brahma Samaj | 1828 | Raja Ram Mohan Roy | Calcutta (Bengal) | Monotheism,反对 idolatry,反对 Sati, Education |
| Satyashodhak Samaj | 1873 | Jyotirao Phule | Maharashtra | Anti-caste, Rights for backward classes & women |
| Arya Samaj | 1875 | Swami Dayananda Saraswati | Bombay | Return to Vedas, Monotheism, Opposed idolatry, child marriage, caste system (by birth) |
| Aligarh Movement | From 1857 | Sir Syed Ahmed Khan | Aligarh | Modern education for Muslims, synthesis of Western science & Islamic studies |
Additional Information on 19th Century Indian Reforms
The 19th century reform movements in India can be broadly categorized into religious and social reform movements. They were often influenced by Western education and Christian missionary activities, as well as a desire among Indian intellectuals to reform their own societies from within.
- These movements addressed issues like caste system, Sati, child marriage, idolatry, illiteracy, and the position of women.
- Leaders like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Jyotirao Phule, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Ramakrishna Paramahansa, Swami Vivekananda, and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan were prominent figures.
- While some movements focused on reforming Hinduism, others like the Aligarh movement focused on the Muslim community.
- These reforms led to legislative changes and increased awareness about social injustices, contributing to the growth of Indian nationalism.
Similar Questions
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RG Bhandarkar was a popular leader of which reforming society?
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The Paramhans Mandali was established to work for the abolition of caste in ______.
Which of the following organisations is credited with writing literary pieces for the abolition of Sati Pratha?
Who founded the Brahmo Samaj in Calcutta in 1828?
Important Questions from Socio - Religious Reform Movements in the 19th and 20th CE India
A secret socio - religious group Paramahansa Mandali/ Sabha was founded by which of the given options.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar emphasised on:
- The Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-Seeking Society) was set up by
Who was also known as 'Meera of Wagad'?
Where is Rajasthan, the printing press 'Vedic Yantralaya' was established?
