Which of the following statements about Vijayanagara king Krishnadevaraya's expeditions are correct? 1. In the early years of his reign he marched against the ruler of Orissa. 2. In 1520 CE, he captured the fort of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan. 3. Krishnadevaraya restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power and assumed the title of Yavana-rajya-sthapan-acharya. Select the answer using the code given below:
Understanding Krishnadevaraya's Expeditions and Achievements
Krishnadevaraya, the most famous ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire, reigned from 1509 to 1529 CE. His reign is considered a golden age marked by significant military campaigns, administrative reforms, and cultural flourishing. Let's examine the correctness of the statements regarding his expeditions and titles.
Analysis of Statement 1: Expedition Against Orissa Ruler
The first statement says that Krishnadevaraya marched against the ruler of Orissa in the early years of his reign. Historical records confirm that Krishnadevaraya was involved in conflicts with the Gajapati ruler of Orissa, Prataparudra Deva, early in his rule. These campaigns were part of Vijayanagara's efforts to expand or consolidate its control in the eastern parts and counter the power of the Gajapatis.
This statement is historically accurate.
Analysis of Statement 2: Capture of Raichur Fort in 1520 CE
The second statement claims that Krishnadevaraya captured the fort of Raichur from Ismail Adil Khan in 1520 CE. The Battle of Raichur, fought in 1520 CE, is one of the most significant military victories of Krishnadevaraya. He led the Vijayanagara forces against the Sultan of Bijapur, Ismail Adil Shah (referred to as Ismail Adil Khan), and decisively defeated him, capturing the strategic fort of Raichur.
This statement is historically accurate.
Analysis of Statement 3: Restoration of Sultan Mahmud Shah and Title Acquisition
The third statement asserts that Krishnadevaraya restored Sultan Mahmud Shah to power and assumed the title of Yavana-rajya-sthapan-acharya. After the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate, the Deccan Sultanates often fought amongst themselves. Krishnadevaraya intervened in the affairs of the Bahmani Sultanate, specifically restoring Mahmud Shah II to his throne, which was largely symbolic as the sultanate was weak. By doing so, he projected himself as a restorer of legitimate rule, even if it was a fragmented one. He adopted the title "Yavana-rajya-sthapanacharya," meaning "Establisher of the Yavana kingdom," with "Yavana" here referring to the Deccan Sultanates (often associated with Muslim rulers).
This statement is historically accurate.
Conclusion on Correct Statements
Based on the analysis, all three statements are historically correct regarding Krishnadevaraya's reign and actions.
| Statement | Correctness | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Expedition against Orissa ruler in early reign. | Correct | Krishnadevaraya fought against the Gajapati ruler of Orissa early in his reign. |
| 2. Captured Raichur fort from Ismail Adil Khan in 1520 CE. | Correct | He decisively won the Battle of Raichur in 1520 CE against Ismail Adil Shah and captured the fort. |
| 3. Restored Sultan Mahmud Shah and took the title Yavana-rajya-sthapan-acharya. | Correct | He restored Mahmud Shah II to the Bahmani throne and assumed the title. |
Since statements 1, 2, and 3 are all correct, the option that includes all three is the correct answer.
Revision Table: Key Events of Krishnadevaraya's Reign
| Year/Period | Event/Expedition | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Early Reign | Campaigns against Gajapatis of Orissa | Consolidated Vijayanagara's eastern borders and influence. |
| 1512 CE | Capture of Udayagiri fort | Important victory against Orissa ruler. |
| 1518 CE | Capture of Cuttack (Gajapati capital) | Major success leading to treaty. |
| 1520 CE | Battle of Raichur | Decisive victory over Bijapur Sultanate, captured Raichur Doab. |
| Post-Raichur | Intervention in Bahmani affairs, restoration of Mahmud Shah II | Established Vijayanagara's dominance in Deccan politics; title Yavana-rajya-sthapanacharya. |
Additional Information: Krishnadevaraya's Legacy
Krishnadevaraya was not just a military leader but also a renowned scholar and patron of arts and literature. His court was adorned by Ashtadiggajas, the eight poets. He authored the Telugu work Amuktamalyada and patronized Sanskrit, Tamil, and Kannada literature as well. His reign saw the construction and renovation of many temples and irrigation tanks. He maintained friendly relations with the Portuguese, which facilitated trade, particularly the import of horses crucial for his army. His administrative policies aimed at ensuring prosperity and justice in the Vijayanagara Empire.
- Empire: Vijayanagara Empire
- Dynasty: Tuluva Dynasty
- Capital: Hampi (Vijayanagara)
- Literary Work: Amuktamalyada (Telugu)
- Patronage: Ashtadiggajas (eight poets), arts, literature, architecture
- Titles: Andhra Bhoja, Kannada Rajya Rama Ramana, Yavana Rajya Sthapanacharya
Similar Questions
Consider the following statements about the Mahanavami Dibba:
1. It was the name of a giant box of sweets distributed at the Mahanavami festival.
2. It was the name of a massive platform with a base covered with relief carvings.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which one of the following kingdoms was founded by the two brothers Harihar and Bukka?
Who among the following laid the foundation of the Vijayanagara Empire?
Consider the following statements regarding the royal center in Vijayanagara Empire:
1. The royal center was located in the south-western part of the settlement
2. It included over 60 temples
3. About 30 building complexes at the site have been identified as palaces
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Important Questions from Southern Dynasties
According to Portuguese writer Nuniz, the women in Vijayanagara Empire were expert in which of the following areas?
1. Wrestling
2. Astrology
3. Accounting
4. Soothsaying
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Which emperor of Vijayanagara Empire earned the title of 'Kannada kingdom Rama Ramana'?
Which of the following statement is correct?
I. Hampi was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire.
II. In 1687, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb annexed Golconda to the Mughal Empire.
Where is the Golconda Fort situated?
Which city was the capital of Pallavas?
