Which of the following laws governs criminal offenses in India?
Bharatiya Nyaya Samhita
The Bharatiya Nyaya Samhita (BNS), 2023 is India's substantive criminal law. It came into force on 1 July 2024, replacing the Indian Penal Code, 1860, and defines offences such as murder, theft and cheating along with their punishments.
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Samhita replaced the Code of Criminal Procedure, so it deals with the procedure (arrest, investigation, trial), not with defining offences. The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam replaced the Indian Evidence Act and governs evidence. The Civil Procedure Code governs civil suits, not crimes.
Hence, the answer is Bharatiya Nyaya Samhita.
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