Which Hindushahi ruler was defeated by Mahmud of Ghazni in the Battle of Peshawar (1001 AD), his first major pitched battle in the Indian subcontinent?
Jaipala
Jaipala was the Hindushahi ruler of the Kabul-Gandhara region who confronted Mahmud of Ghazni's invading forces at the Battle of Peshawar in 1001 AD.
This engagement marked Mahmud's first major pitched battle in the Indian subcontinent, and Jaipala suffered a decisive defeat, after which he later immolated himself out of shame.
Jayachandra was a much later Gahadavala king who fought Prithviraj Chauhan and the Ghurids, while Trilochanapala and Bhimapala were Jaipala's successors who faced Mahmud in subsequent campaigns, not this initial battle.
Therefore, the correct answer is Jaipala.
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