Which component in a solar DC domestic system prevents overcharging of the battery?
Charge controller
In a solar DC domestic system the panel generates charging current, and the battery must never be pushed beyond its safe terminal voltage.
A dedicated regulating device is therefore placed between the panel and the battery to manage the charging.
That device is the charge controller, which continuously monitors the battery voltage and controls the current flowing into it.
As the battery approaches full charge, the controller tapers or disconnects the charging current, so overcharging, gassing and plate damage are prevented.
The solar panel only produces power and cannot limit its own output, so it cannot stop overcharging.
The inverter merely converts DC to AC, and the battery is the very component being protected, so neither performs the regulation.
Hence, the answer is Charge controller.
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