Which act introduced separate electorates for Hindus and Muslims in British India?
Morley-Minto Reforms 1909
Morley-Minto Reforms 1909 is correct.
The Indian Councils Act of 1909, known as the Morley-Minto Reforms after Secretary of State John Morley and Viceroy Lord Minto, introduced the system of separate electorates for Muslims. Under it, Muslim members of the legislative councils were to be elected only by Muslim voters, so Hindus and Muslims voted in separate constituencies. Lord Minto is therefore called the Father of Communal Electorate.
The Indian Councils Act 1892 only introduced indirect election and enlarged councils. The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 extended communal representation to Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Europeans, and the Government of India Act 1935 extended it further, but neither introduced it. The system began in 1909.
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