Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the answer sheet accordingly. Objectives, ideology, programmes, leadership, and organisation are important _______ (1) of social movements. They are interdependent, _______ (2) each other. The objectives of the movement change from ________ (3) articular local issues to broad aims ________ (4) social transformation. Sometimes a movement which begins with broad objectives may in the process get ________ (5) with one or two particular issues. Ideology also _______ (6) change. It provides direction for evolving strategies and programmes; and also keeps the participants together by developing feelings of ‘we-ness’. Various strategies and programmes are evolved to _______ (7) the people. They _______ (8) the movement for a long period. Leadership ________ (9) initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement plays a crucial role in _______ (10) ideology and objectives, evolving strategies and programmes and maintaining the spirit of the participant.
What would come in place of (9).
which
Understanding the Passage on Social Movements: Filling Blank (9)
The passage discusses the key components and dynamics of social movements, including objectives, ideology, programmes, leadership, and organisation. The question asks us to select the most appropriate word or group of words to fill the ninth blank in the text.
Analyzing the Sentence with Blank (9)
Let's look closely at the sentence containing blank (9):
"Leadership ________ (9) initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement plays a crucial role in _______ (10) ideology and objectives, evolving strategies and programmes and maintaining the spirit of the participant."
We need a word that connects "Leadership" to the phrase "initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement". This phrase describes the leadership.
Evaluating the Options for Blank (9)
Let's consider each given option:
- Option 1: where
The word 'where' is typically used to refer to a place or location. In this sentence, we are describing 'Leadership', which is not a place. Therefore, 'where' is not suitable here.
- Option 2: which
The word 'which' is a relative pronoun used to introduce a non-restrictive clause (providing extra information) or a restrictive clause (essential information) about a thing, animal, or group. 'Leadership' can be considered a group (the leaders) or a concept. The phrase "initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement" describes the type of leadership being referred to. Using 'which' fits the grammatical structure to link 'Leadership' to this descriptive phrase.
- Option 3: how
The word 'how' refers to the manner or way in which something is done. While leadership might initiate or emerge in certain ways, 'how' does not fit grammatically in this position to connect 'Leadership' to the action 'initiates or emerges'. For example, you could say "how leadership emerges", but not "Leadership how initiates or emerges...".
- Option 4: more
The word 'more' is typically used as a quantifier (indicating quantity) or to form comparative adjectives/adverbs. It does not function as a connector or relative pronoun in this context. It cannot link 'Leadership' to the action that follows.
Determining the Correct Word for Blank (9)
Based on the analysis, the word 'which' is the most appropriate choice to fill blank (9). It correctly acts as a relative pronoun connecting 'Leadership' to the descriptive clause that follows, indicating the kind of leadership being discussed (that which initiates or emerges).
The sentence becomes: "Leadership which initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement plays a crucial role..."
Conclusion
The word that best fits blank (9) is 'which'. It grammatically connects the noun 'Leadership' to the subsequent phrase describing its nature and origin within the social movement.
Revision Table: Parts of Speech Review
| Word Type | Function | Example in Passage Context |
|---|---|---|
| Relative Pronoun (which) | Connects a clause to a noun (thing, animal, group); provides description. | "Leadership which initiates or emerges..." |
| Adverb (where) | Refers to place. | (Not applicable here) e.g., "the place where they met" |
| Adverb/Conjunction (how) | Refers to manner or way. | (Not applicable here) e.g., "understand how leadership emerges" |
| Quantifier/Adverb (more) | Indicates quantity or comparison. | (Not applicable here) e.g., "more leaders joined" |
Additional Information: Relative Pronouns in English Grammar
Relative pronouns like 'which', 'who', 'whom', 'whose', and 'that' are essential tools for combining sentences and providing more detailed information about a noun. They introduce relative clauses.
- Which: Used for things, animals, and sometimes groups or concepts (as in this case with 'Leadership').
- Who/Whom: Used for people ('Who' for the subject of the relative clause, 'Whom' for the object).
- Whose: Used to show possession.
- That: Can be used for people, things, and animals, often in restrictive clauses (essential information).
In the given sentence, 'which' is used to refer to the 'Leadership' in the context of the movement's growth, providing an essential description of the type of leadership being discussed.
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