Directions: Each of the following sentences in this section has a blank space with four words or group of words given. Select whichever word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for the blank space and indicate your response on the answer sheet accordingly. Objectives, ideology, programmes, leadership, and organisation are important _______ (1) of social movements. They are interdependent, _______ (2) each other. The objectives of the movement change from ________ (3) articular local issues to broad aims ________ (4) social transformation. Sometimes a movement which begins with broad objectives may in the process get ________ (5) with one or two particular issues. Ideology also _______ (6) change. It provides direction for evolving strategies and programmes; and also keeps the participants together by developing feelings of ‘we-ness’. Various strategies and programmes are evolved to _______ (7) the people. They _______ (8) the movement for a long period. Leadership ________ (9) initiates or emerges in the course of the growth of the movement plays a crucial role in _______ (10) ideology and objectives, evolving strategies and programmes and maintaining the spirit of the participant.
What would come in place of (8).
sustain
Understanding the Components of Social Movements: Filling Blank (8)
The question asks us to select the most appropriate word or group of words to fill in the blank space labeled (8) in the provided passage about social movements.
Let's look at the sentence containing blank (8):
"They _______ (8) the movement for a long period."
In the previous sentence, "They" refers to "Various strategies and programmes" which are evolved to "_______ (7) the people." The overall passage discusses the important components of social movements, such as objectives, ideology, programmes, leadership, and organisation, and how they are interdependent and influence each other.
Analyzing Options for Blank (8)
We need to determine what strategies and programmes do to a social movement over a long period. Let's examine the given options:
- threaten: Strategies and programmes are usually developed to help a movement, not to threaten or endanger it. This word does not fit the positive or supportive context suggested by the role of these elements.
- bluster: To bluster means to talk in an aggressive or boastful way. Strategies and programmes are actions or plans, not a manner of speaking. This word is completely out of context.
- blow: The word "blow" can have various meanings, but none appropriately describe what strategies and programmes do to a movement over a long period in a positive or constructive sense.
- sustain: To sustain means to keep something going or maintain it for a period. Strategies and programmes are designed to keep the movement active, relevant, and supported over time, enabling it to continue its work and pursue its objectives. This meaning perfectly aligns with the function of strategies and programmes in supporting a social movement for a long period.
Conclusion for Blank (8)
Based on the analysis of the sentence and the role of strategies and programmes in a social movement, the word that best fits blank (8) is "sustain". Strategies and programmes are essential tools used by a movement to keep itself active and continue its efforts over a long period.
Therefore, the complete sentence would be: "They sustain the movement for a long period."
| Option | Meaning in Context | Fit for Blank (8) |
|---|---|---|
| threaten | Endanger the movement | No |
| bluster | Talk boastfully | No |
| blow | Various, none fit this context | No |
| sustain | Keep the movement going; maintain it | Yes |
Revision Table: Key Terms in Social Movements
| Term | Role in Social Movement |
|---|---|
| Objectives | Goals the movement aims to achieve. |
| Ideology | Beliefs and values guiding the movement. Provides direction and unity. |
| Programmes & Strategies | Plans and methods used to achieve objectives and mobilize people. Essential for sustaining the movement. |
| Leadership | Initiates, guides, and motivates participants; crucial for formulating plans and maintaining spirit. |
| Organisation | Structure that coordinates activities and resources of the movement. |
Additional Information: Dynamics of Social Movements
Social movements are complex phenomena involving collective action to bring about social change. Their success and longevity depend heavily on how effectively their key components interact. Objectives provide the 'why', ideology the 'what to believe', strategies and programmes the 'how to act', leadership the 'who guides', and organisation the 'how to coordinate'. These elements are interconnected. For instance, the ideology influences the objectives and the strategies chosen. Effective leadership is needed to develop and implement strategies. Strategies and programmes, in turn, need to resonate with the people and be feasible within the movement's organisational structure. Together, these components work to sustain the movement's energy and efforts over time, allowing it to tackle challenges and pursue its long-term goals.
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