What is DNA fingerprinting? Explain the mechanism and applications of DNA fingerprinting in forensic science.
DNA fingerprinting, also called DNA profiling, is a molecular technique that identifies individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. Except for identical twins, no two people have the same DNA sequence. This method analyzes highly variable regions of the genome, creating a distinct genetic “fingerprint” for each individual.
Mechanism:
The process primarily focuses on Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)—short DNA sequences repeated multiple times, with the number of repeats differing among individuals.
Applications:
Significance:
DNA fingerprinting is highly accurate, reliable, and widely used in law enforcement, legal disputes, biological research, and conservation. Its ability to precisely distinguish individuals has made it an indispensable tool in modern science and justice.
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