What are the major challenges to internal security and peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in the past decade.
The North-Eastern states face a complex web of internal security challenges that impede the peace process. A primary challenge is the lingering presence of various insurgent groups, driven by demands for sovereignty, ethnic identity, and greater autonomy. Porous international borders with countries like Myanmar facilitate cross-border movement of militants, arms smuggling, and drug trafficking, providing safe havens for these groups. Ethnic conflicts between different communities over land and resources remain a persistent source of violence. The difficult terrain and lack of infrastructure in many areas hamper the operations of security forces. Additionally, issues like illegal migration and extortion networks run by insurgent outfits continue to destabilize the region and hinder economic development.
Over the past decade, the government has made significant strides in the peace process through dialogue and agreements. A major development was the signing of the Framework Agreement with the NSCN (I-M) in 2015 to find a solution to the long-standing Naga issue, followed by agreements with other Naga groups. In 2020, the historic Bodo Peace Accord was signed, bringing an end to the Bodo statehood movement by providing significant political and economic packages. The Bru-Reang Agreement of 2020 was another landmark step, settling nearly 37,000 internally displaced people in Tripura. In 2022, a peace agreement was signed with multiple Adivasi militant groups in Assam. These accords, focusing on rehabilitation and greater autonomy, have considerably reduced violence and paved the way for lasting peace.
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Sakshi Negi
Sakshi Negi is a Delhi-based journalist and content specialist with expertise in educational content and digital media, focusing particularly on government exam preparation and career guidance. With a degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from NRAI School of Mass Communication and her background as a Kendriya Vidyalaya alumna, she brings unique insights into the Indian education system and government sector opportunities.
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Important Questions from GS3
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What are the causes of persistent high food inflation in India? Comment on the effectiveness of the monetary policy of the RBI to control this type of inflation.
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What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although, India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this less commercialization.
What were the factors responsible for the successful implementation of land reforms in some parts of the country? Elaborate.
