What are the major challenges faced by Indian irrigation system in recent times? State the measures taken by the government for efficient irrigation management.
The Indian irrigation system, crucial for our agricultural backbone, faces several significant challenges in recent times despite its vast network. Foremost is the alarming over-reliance on and depletion of groundwater, leading to rapidly falling water tables in many regions, threatening long-term sustainability. This is compounded by inefficient water use practices, primarily flood irrigation, resulting in substantial water wastage and low water use efficiency at the farm level.
Furthermore, aging and often poorly maintained canal infrastructure leads to considerable conveyance losses and inequitable water distribution, with tail-end farmers frequently suffering from water scarcity. The increasing unpredictability of monsoons and extreme weather events due to climate change adds another layer of complexity, affecting surface water availability and groundwater recharge. Issues like waterlogging and soil salinization in some irrigated areas also diminish agricultural productivity.
Recognizing these issues, the government has launched various measures for efficient irrigation management. The flagship Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) is central, aiming for 'Per Drop More Crop' through widespread promotion of micro-irrigation techniques like drip and sprinkler systems. PMKSY also focuses on completing ongoing major and medium irrigation projects under its Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) and expanding irrigation coverage through 'Har Khet Ko Pani'.
Efforts are on for rejuvenation of traditional water bodies, rainwater harvesting, and groundwater recharge through initiatives like the Jal Shakti Abhiyan. Emphasis is also being placed on Command Area Development and Water Management (CADWM) to improve the efficiency of existing systems and ensure equitable distribution. Modern technologies like remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are increasingly being employed for better planning, monitoring, and real-time management of water resources, coupled with promoting farmer participation in water users' associations for better local management.
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Important Questions from GS3
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