Under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Electronic evidence is treated as equal to documentary evidence.
Electronic evidence is treated as equal to documentary evidence. is correct.
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 replaced the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 and came into force on 1 July 2024. It widens the definition of a 'document' to include electronic and digital records such as e-mails, server logs, files on computers and smartphones, messages and location data, so these records carry the same legal standing as paper documents.
Electronic records can be admitted as primary evidence, so the law does not demand supplementary paper copies. The Adhiniyam also gives no general priority to oral evidence over documentary evidence; each is weighed on its merits. Hearsay remains generally inadmissible, subject only to specific exceptions, so it is never 'always admissible'. Only the statement on equal treatment of electronic evidence is true.
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