The action of sending emails to fraudulently obtain another person's bank details is called:
Phishing
Concept: Phishing is a form of cyber fraud in which an attacker sends deceptive emails (or messages) that appear to come from a trustworthy source in order to trick the recipient into revealing sensitive information such as bank account details, passwords or card numbers.
Working: The question describes 'sending emails to fraudulently obtain another person's bank details'. The defining features here are (a) the use of email and (b) deceiving the victim into handing over confidential financial information. This exactly matches the definition of phishing.
Why the other choices are wrong:
Pharming redirects a user from a legitimate website to a fake one (usually by tampering with DNS or the hosts file); it does not rely on sending emails to the victim.
Spamming is the mass sending of unsolicited, usually commercial, emails; its aim is bulk advertising, not specifically the fraudulent extraction of bank details.
Smishing is very similar in intent but is carried out through SMS text messages rather than email, so it does not fit the 'sending emails' description.
Takeaway: Fraudulent emails designed to steal confidential financial data are called phishing.
Correct answer: Phishing
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