'All Judges are fairminded' is an example of __________ proposition.
Universal affirmative
In traditional (Aristotelian) logic, categorical propositions are classified by their quantity (universal or particular) and quality (affirmative or negative), giving four standard forms:
• Universal affirmative (A): All S are P.
• Universal negative (E): No S is P.
• Particular affirmative (I): Some S are P.
• Particular negative (O): Some S are not P.
The statement All Judges are fairminded takes the form All S are P, where S = Judges and P = fairminded. The word all makes it universal (it speaks about the whole class of judges), and because it asserts that the predicate belongs to the subject (rather than denying it), it is affirmative.
A universal (all) plus affirmative (asserting the predicate) proposition is precisely the A-type: universal affirmative.
It is not universal negative, because it does not deny the predicate (there is no No or not). It is not particular affirmative or particular negative, because it does not use some — it refers to every member of the class, not merely a part of it.
Correct answer: Universal affirmative
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List - I
(Figures of Categorical Syllogism)List - II
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