The product formed in the following reaction is

The reaction shown is an example of the Diels-Alder reaction, which is a [4+2] cycloaddition reaction. This type of reaction involves a conjugated diene and a dienophile, resulting in the formation of a cyclic compound.
Based on these details, the correct product formed will involve the joining of the two reactants into a new ring structure typically seen in Diels-Alder reactions. This corresponds to the following option:
This product correctly represents the result of the cycloaddition, matching the rearrangement of the original double bonds into a new cyclic structure.
Consider the following two reactions and their corresponding Hammett plots

Choose the option(s) that correctly match(es) the points on the graph given in Column-I with substituents X given in Column-II in accordance with their substituents constant $\sigma$
| Column-I (points on the graph) | Column-II (substituent X) |
| p | $NH_2$ |
| q | $NO_2$ |
| r | $OMe$ |
| s | $Cl$ |
| t | $Me$ |
| u | $CN$ |
The process(es) and/or intermediate(s) through which the following transformation proceeds is/are

The major product formed in the reaction given below is

The most stable vanadium species in aqueous medium is