The porosity information provided by the sonic log is :
Primary porosity
Primary porosity option is correct.
The sonic (acoustic) log measures the compressional-wave transit time \(\Delta t\) through the formation, and porosity is recovered from Wyllie's time-average equation \(\phi = (\Delta t_{\log}-\Delta t_{ma})/(\Delta t_f-\Delta t_{ma})\). Because the first-arriving wave preferentially travels through the interconnected rock matrix and its intergranular pore fluid, the sonic tool responds to the uniformly distributed pore space that formed when the sediment was deposited — the primary (matrix) porosity.
Total porosity is best estimated by the density-neutron combination. Secondary porosity such as vugs and fractures is largely bypassed by the compressional first arrival, which is why \(\phi_{\text{secondary}} = \phi_{\text{total}}-\phi_{\text{sonic}}\) is used as a diagnostic. The sonic log does not distinguish water-filled from hydrocarbon-filled pores in the porosity calculation itself.
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