Understanding the Question: Dynastic Capitals

The question asks us to identify the dynasty whose capital city was Thanjavur. Capital cities were crucial centers of power, administration, and culture for ancient and medieval Indian dynasties.

Analyzing the Options

Let's look at the dynasties provided in the options:

1. Pala Dynasty: The Pala dynasty ruled in the eastern Indian subcontinent. Their capitals included cities like Pataliputra (modern Patna), Gauda, and Vikrampur. Thanjavur was not a capital of the Pala dynasty.
2. Chola Dynasty: The Chola dynasty was a prominent Tamil dynasty in South India. They ruled from several capitals throughout their history. Thanjavur (also known as Tanjore) became a very important capital during the height of their power, particularly under kings like Rajaraja I.
3. Vakataka Dynasty: The Vakataka dynasty ruled parts of Central and South India, mainly in present-day Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. Their capitals included Nandivardhana and Pravarapura. Thanjavur was not associated with the Vakatakas.
4. Parmara Dynasty: The Parmara dynasty ruled in the Malwa region of Central India. Their capital was primarily Dhar. Thanjavur was not a capital of the Parmara dynasty.

Thanjavur: A Prominent Chola Capital

Thanjavur rose to prominence as a major capital of the Chola empire during the reign of the Imperial Cholas, starting from the 9th century CE. Rajaraja I (reigned 985–1014 CE) built the magnificent Brihadeeswarar Temple in Thanjavur, which stands as a testament to the city's importance under the Cholas. While Uraiyur was an earlier Chola capital, and Gangaikonda Cholapuram was established as a new capital by Rajendra I, Thanjavur remained a significant center throughout much of their rule.

Comparing Dynasties and Capitals

Here is a brief comparison of the dynasties and their main capital associations mentioned:

Conclusion

Based on historical information, Thanjavur was a major capital city of the Chola dynasty. The other dynasties listed had their capitals in different regions of India.

Revision Table: Key Facts on Dynasties and Capitals

Additional Information: Significance of Thanjavur

Thanjavur, under the Cholas, was not just a political capital but also a major cultural and religious hub. The Brihadeeswarar Temple built there by Rajaraja I is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a prime example of Dravidian architecture. The city's strategic location in the fertile Kaveri delta also contributed to the Chola empire's wealth and power.