Understanding Sentence Voice Transformation

The question asks us to convert a sentence from passive voice to active voice. The original sentence is: "The book is being read by him." This sentence is in the Present Continuous Passive tense.

Let's break down the passive sentence:

• Subject: The book (the thing receiving the action)
• Verb: is being read (passive form of the verb)
• Agent: by him (the person performing the action)

Converting to Active Voice

To change a passive sentence to active voice, we follow these steps:

1. The agent in the passive sentence ("him") becomes the subject of the active sentence ("He").
2. The subject of the passive sentence ("The book") becomes the object of the active sentence.
3. The verb needs to be changed from passive to active form, maintaining the original tense.

The original tense is Present Continuous. The passive form is "is/am/are + being + past participle". The active form of Present Continuous is "is/am/are + present participle (-ing form)".

Applying this to our sentence:

• Passive verb: "is being read"
• Active verb (Present Continuous): "is reading"
• New Subject: He
• New Object: the book

Combining these elements gives us the active sentence: "He is reading the book."

Analyzing the Options

Now, let's look at the given options to find the correct active form:

• Option 1: "He was reading the book." - This is Past Continuous Active. The original tense was Present Continuous, so this is incorrect.
• Option 2: "He is reading the book." - This is Present Continuous Active. It correctly transforms the passive sentence, maintaining the tense. This matches our derived active form.
• Option 3: "He has read the book." - This is Present Perfect Active. The tense is different from the original Present Continuous Passive, so this is incorrect.
• Option 4: "He reads the book." - This is Simple Present Active. The tense is incorrect; it should be Present Continuous.

Therefore, the correct active form of "The book is being read by him" is "He is reading the book."