S6: Thus, Anglo-Saxon peasants became tenants of various levels of landholders.
P: They could not, however, use their knights for private warfare, which was forbidden in England.
Q: They soon began to gift some of their own lands to knights who would serve them just as they in turn served the king.
R: They were obliged to supply a certain number of knights to the king.
S: These noble lords became the chief tenants of the king and were expected to give him military help.
Passage Reconstruction: William I's Feudal System
This question requires arranging the jumbled sentences (P, Q, R, S) to form a coherent passage between the fixed sentences S1 and S6.
S1: William I had the land mapped, and distributed it in sections to one hundred eighty Norman nobles who had migrated with him to Britain.
S6: Thus, Anglo-Saxon peasants became tenants of various levels of landholders.
The goal is to logically connect the distribution of land (S1) to the resulting peasant status (S6) by explaining the nobles' roles and obligations.
Analyzing Sentence Order
- Sentence S ("These noble lords became the chief tenants of the king and were expected to give him military help.") logically follows S1. It identifies the recipients of the land distribution as "noble lords" and establishes their primary duty to the king: military service.
- Sentence R ("They were obliged to supply a certain number of knights to the king.") directly elaborates on the obligation mentioned in S. The pronoun "They" clearly refers to the "noble lords". It specifies that military help involved supplying knights.
- Sentence Q ("They soon began to gift some of their own lands to knights who would serve them just as they in turn served the king.") explains how the nobles managed their obligation. "They" again refers to the nobles who, in turn, granted lands to knights for service, mirroring their own relationship with the king.
- Sentence P ("They could not, however, use their knights for private warfare, which was forbidden in England.") introduces a crucial restriction. The "however" indicates a limitation on the knightly service established in Q, clarifying that this system was regulated and couldn't be used for personal conflicts.
Constructing the Logical Sequence
Based on the analysis, the logical order for the jumbled sentences is SRQP.
The complete passage flows as:
- S1: William I distributed land to Norman nobles.
- S: These nobles became chief tenants of the king, owing military help.
- R: They were obliged to supply knights to the king.
- Q: Nobles granted lands to knights for service.
- P: Knights could not be used for private warfare.
- S6: Anglo-Saxon peasants became tenants.
This sequence effectively explains the establishment of the feudal system after the Norman conquest.
Similar Questions
- S1: The primary evidence for climate change that occurred many million years ago is the rocks and deposits themselves.
S6: In other words, despite the clear legacy in many parts of the world of recent glaciation, the vast majority of sedimentary rocks were laid down in warm climatic conditions.
P: Sediments and fossil in the poles tell us a great deal about the environment in which they were laid down.
Q: We must, of course, bear in mind when interpreting this information that, because of the movement of the continents, no one latitude of the Earth has necessarily gone through such marked climatic vicissitudes.
R: Nevertheless, even allowing for this factor, one of the most remarkable discoveries about the climate change of the past is that the two poles of the Earth have been free of ice for at least 90 per cent of the known history of the planet.
S: We may find in close proximity to one another, coal deposits indicating the humid conditions of the tropics, red sandstones laid down in deserts and morainic materials reflecting polar conditions. - S1: Temperature indicates the relative degree of molecular activity, or heat, of a substance.
S6: The boiling point of water under standard conditions is at 100 degrees Centigrade.
P: Temperature is an index of sensible heat, not a direct measure of the quantity of energy.
Q: Zero on this scale is the 'triple point' temperature, at which the gaseous, liquid, and solid states of water are at equilibrium under standard atmospheric pressure.
R: If heat flows from one body to another, the former has the higher temperature.
S: To indicate the temperature of a body, an arbitrary scale of reference is employed. - S1: The Tungabhadra is the chief tributary of the Krishna formed by the union, near Kudali, of the two streams Tunga and Bhadra.
S6 : The Tungabhadra has served as a historic natural frontier right through the centuries.
P: The river is perennial in character and comes down in frequent heavy rushes during the rains.
Q : The rain-bearing river was dammed by the rulers of Vijayanagara near Hampi for watering the palaces and gardens of that great city.
R : The united stream strikes in a north-easterly direction through Mysore and skirts the adjacent districts.
S: The bed of both the headstreams of the Tungabhadra is rocky. - S1: In July 1917, Prince Lvov was replaced by a socialist revolutionary Alexander Kerensky as the head of the provisional government.
S6: In Russia the Soviets have been in existence since 1905, and the Soviet system played a especially important role under the Provisional Government.
P: However, such a partial replacement failed to satisfy the Bolsheviks.
Q: The revolutionaries did not want a parliamentary republic nor a bourgeois democracy but rather they wanted a soviet of workers, soldiers, and labourers.
R: When the February Revolution broke out, the leader of the Bolsheviks, Lenin, was in Switzerland.
S: He arrived in Russia in April 1917, and was followed by Trotsky. - S1: Glaciation has important effects on the landscape beyond the direct modifications created by ice erosion and deposition.
S6: At the same time, ice advanced from the Welsh mountains into the Vale of Evesham and combined with northern ice to pond up a large proglacial lake covering much of the Midlands.
P: One example is that glaciation frequently disrupts pre-existing drainage lines, initiating a new pattern persisting after the ice has disappeared.
Q: The Midlands, what is now the Coventry/Warwick area, was formerly drained by the head waters of the River Soar, flowing into the Trent south of Nottingham.
R: Two well-documented instances of such effects occur in England.
S: During glaciation, the valleys of Soar and Trent were occupied by ice advancing from the north. - S1: Every geological period has been dominated by one particular form of life; as conditions changed to those of a new period, different types of organisms emerged into dominance.
S6: The origin of completely new biological systems is comparatively rare, so consequently only a few major types have developed during the history of life.
P: Individual shifts rely on opportunity, ecological access, and the development of a new adaptation.
Q: Characteristically these shifts are rapid and are followed by a bout of adaptive radiation into the new ecological zone for example, with the emergence of life on land.
R: Within each period, natural selection has created a vast array of adaptive experiments culminating in a breakthrough to a new biological system that may cross the ecological barrier to the next period.
S: Every breakthrough of shift in dominance is dependent on ones that have occurred before so that the process of evolution is progressive. - S1: The word science originates from the Latin verb Scientia meaning "to know".
S6: By the middle of the twentieth century, science had become a truly international enterprise, with many cultures and countries contributing to its rapid growth.
P: Science, in a broad sense, is as old as the human species.
Q: From the sixteenth century onwards, great strides were also made in science in Europe.
R: The early civilisations of Egypt, India, China, Greece, Mesopotamia and many others made vital contributions to its progress.
S: The Sanskrit word Vijnana and the Arabic word Ilm convey a similar meaning, namely knowledge. - S1: Among the momentous watersheds through which human beings have passed since their appearance over 100,000 years ago, none has been more profound in its consequences than the shift to agriculture.
S6: Unfortunately, such transformations disrupted delicate natural balances as humans sought enhanced control over their new modes of subsistence.
P: They did this by purposefully transforming landscapes with their agricultural fields and pastures.
Q: They lived much like the way in which their own hominid predecessors had lived for millions of years, as integral components of the Earth's ecosystems.
R: However, with the invention of practices of agriculture, these new farmers and herders began manipulating their surroundings to an unprecedented degree.
S: Before that, for countless generations, nearly all humans had lived as hunters and gatherers, dwelling together in small, stable, nomadic bands that operated in close harmony with nature. - S1: Britain was the first country to experience modern industrialisation.
S6: This gave people a wider choice of ways to spend their earnings and expanded the market for the sale of goods.
P: Stability meant that the Kingdom had common laws, a single currency and a market that was not fragmented by local authorities levying taxes on goods that passed through their area, thus increasing their price.
Q: It had been politically stable since the seventeenth century, with England, Wales and Scotland unified under a monarchy.
R: By the end of the seventeenth century, money was widely used as the medium of exchange.
S: As a consequence, a large section of the people received their income in the form of wages and salaries, rather than in goods. - S1: In an economic sense, feudalism refers to a kind of system of agricultural production.
S6: Thus, feudalism went beyond economic aspects to cover the social and political aspects of life as well.
P: In fact, the latter cultivated their own land as well as that of the lord.
Q: It is based on the relationship between lords and peasants, who worked on the former's land.
R: They also had judicial control over the peasants.
S: The peasants also performed other labour for the lords, who in exchange provided military protection.
Important Questions from Parajumbles
A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
BCF, CFI, DGL, ?A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative that will complete the series:
ALZ, CJV, EHR, GFN, ?A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
FED, IHG, LKJ, OWM, ?
A series is given, with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative from the given ones that will complete the series:
LMA, NOB, PQC, ?, STE
(P) considered to be paradigmatic (Q) sociological study of peasant movements in India (R) the Telangana peasant revolt against the Nizam of Hyderabad in the 1940s is often (S) and the only instance worthy of attention in a comparative
