Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues and suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism.
Naxalism in India is not just a law-and-order issue but a deep-rooted problem tied to social injustice, economic deprivation, and poor development in tribal regions. Extremist ideologies exploit this discontent, turning it into a violent internal security threat.
Emerging Issues:
The nature of the Naxal threat is evolving. While their geographical spread has shrunk, they are consolidating control in core areas. Urban Naxalism is growing, with efforts to build networks in cities for ideological support, recruitment, and logistics. Their use of technology for propaganda, encrypted communication, and IED fabrication adds complexity. They also target infrastructure like roads and telecom towers, keeping regions isolated and underdeveloped.
A Multilayered Strategy:
A security-only approach will not succeed. A holistic plan is needed:
Security Front: Continue intelligence-driven operations under doctrines like SAMADHAN, modernize state police, and improve inter-state coordination.
Developmental Front: Accelerate infrastructure and welfare schemes, especially in Aspirational Districts. Ensure the effective implementation of the Forest Rights Act (2006) to address historic injustices and involve tribal communities in development.
Governance Front: Strengthen grassroots administration, reduce corruption, and ensure accessible justice.
Psychological Front: Counter extremist propaganda, highlight the futility of violence, and implement strong surrender and rehabilitation programs to reintegrate cadres.
Combining these efforts can win the trust of affected communities and permanently resolve the Naxal conflict, addressing both the root causes and the security challenges.
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Important Questions from GS3
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