Module design is used to maximize cohesion and minimize coupling. Which of the following is the key to implement this rule ?
Encapsulation
High cohesion means each module keeps closely related data and behaviour together, and low coupling means modules depend on each other as little as possible.
Encapsulation bundles the data with the operations on it and hides internal details behind an interface, which is exactly what produces cohesive, loosely coupled modules.
Inheritance actually increases coupling between classes, polymorphism is about substitutable behaviour, and abstraction is a modelling idea rather than the mechanism that enforces the boundaries.
So the key principle is encapsulation.
Hence, Encapsulation.
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