Moderation in state policy director principles is done on the basis of which majority of the following?
Special majority of Parliament
"Moderation in state policy director principles" means amendment of the Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV).
Under Article 368, most provisions are amended by a special majority of Parliament: a majority of the total membership of each House plus two-thirds of members present and voting.
Ratification by half of the state legislatures is needed only for federal provisions listed in Article 368(2), such as the election of the President, Supreme Court and High Courts, distribution of legislative powers and representation of states in Parliament. Part IV is not among them.
A simple majority applies only to provisions outside Article 368, such as creating new states.
Hence, the Directive Principles are amended by a special majority of Parliament.
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