Match List I with List II and select the correct answer from the codes given below : Codes : (a) (b) (c) (d)List I List II (a) Theory of alienation (1) Disjunction arises between relations of production and the means of production (b) Theory of dialectical materialism (2) No major antagonism disappears unless a new antagonism emerges (c) Theory of class war (3) A state of consciousness shaped by relations between man and objects (d) Theory of revolution (4) The economic structure of society is the real foundation of society
(3) (4) (2) (1)
All four theories belong to Karl Marx's thought. Each is matched with the statement that best captures its core claim:
| List I | List II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (a) Theory of alienation | (3) A state of consciousness shaped by relations between man and objects | In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844) Marx describes alienation as the worker's estranged consciousness arising from his relation to the product of labour, i.e. objects he makes but does not own. |
| (b) Theory of dialectical materialism | (4) The economic structure of society is the real foundation of society | The materialist view (Preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, 1859) holds that the economic base is the real foundation on which the legal and political superstructure rises. |
| (c) Theory of class war | (2) No major antagonism disappears unless a new antagonism emerges | History is the history of class struggles (Communist Manifesto, 1848); each class society replaces an old antagonism with a new one, e.g. lord-serf gives way to bourgeois-proletarian. |
| (d) Theory of revolution | (1) Disjunction arises between relations of production and the means of production | Revolution occurs when the developing forces/means of production come into conflict with existing relations of production, which turn into fetters and are burst asunder. |
Hence, the answer is (a)-(3), (b)-(4), (c)-(2), (d)-(1).
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