The Mappila Uprisings of the 19th century occurred mainly in which region of India?
Malabar region of Kerala
The Mappila (also spelt Moplah) Uprisings were a long series of revolts by the Mappila Muslim peasant community against the British colonial administration and the local landed aristocracy. They took place mainly in the Malabar region of northern Kerala, on the south-western (Malabar) coast of India — making this the correct region.
To understand why Malabar was the flashpoint, consider its agrarian structure:
- Land was concentrated in the hands of Jenmis — mostly high-caste Hindu landlords (Namboodiri Brahmins and Nairs) — while the Mappila cultivators worked as tenants and labourers with almost no security of tenure.
- British revenue and legal policies reinforced the landlords' rights, so tenants faced heavy rents, eviction and debt.
- These economic grievances mixed with religious and anti-colonial feeling, producing repeated outbreaks through the 19th century.
This cycle of unrest culminated in the large Malabar (Moplah) Rebellion of 1921, connected with the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements.
The other regions are wrong because the movement never centred there: the Konkan coast of Maharashtra, the Sundarbans of West Bengal, and the Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu are distinct geographic areas with no association with the Mappila revolts, which were specific to Malabar.
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