The Mappila Uprisings of the 19th century occurred mainly in which region of India?
Malabar region of Kerala
The Mappila (also spelt Moplah) Uprisings were a long series of agrarian-cum-religious revolts that broke out in the Malabar region of Kerala — the coastal belt of present-day northern Kerala that was part of the Madras Presidency under British rule.
Why Malabar was the epicentre:
- The Mappilas were Muslim cultivators and tenants concentrated on the Malabar Coast, descended largely from Arab traders and local converts. Their grievances were rooted in the local land system.
- Under the Jenmi (janmi) landlord system, land was owned by upper-caste Hindu landlords — mainly Namboodiri Brahmins and Nairs — while the Mappila peasants held only insecure tenancy. British revenue policy strengthened the landlords' rights (eviction, rent enhancement, renewal fees), which pushed the tenants into repeated revolt.
- These outbreaks recurred through much of the 19th century and finally escalated into the large-scale Malabar (Moplah) Rebellion of 1921, which coincided with the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements.
Because the uprisings were tied to this specific tenancy structure and Mappila community, they belong squarely to the Malabar region of Kerala. The other regions do not fit: the Konkan of Maharashtra and the Coromandel Coast of Tamil Nadu had entirely different social and land-tenure histories and no Mappila peasantry, while the Sundarbans of West Bengal is a deltaic mangrove tract on the opposite (eastern) coast with no connection to these revolts.
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